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. 2020 Aug 24;12(1):1809302. doi: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1809302

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© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — Biofilm bacterial diversity returns to control levels with nisin-producing probiotic or nisin.

Biofilm Shannon (a) Diversity Index and Phyla (b), Genera (c) and Species (d) community composition are illustrated, after treatment with nisin, nisin-producing L. lactis and non-nisin producing L. lactis in the pathogen-spiked 48 h preformed biofilms, with data obtained from 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. * represents significant difference (p < 0.05) between sample and non-pathogenic biofilms (Control). ** represent significant difference (p < 0.05) between sample and the pathogen spiked biofilms (Biofilm).