. 2020 Jan 9;16(8):1969–1980. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1698901

Table 1.

Papers assessing the knowledge of and attitudes toward pediatric vaccinations and vaccination choices of pregnant women.

					Findings
First author, year	Country	Type of survey; tool	Sample size	Vaccinations	Knowledge	Sources of information	Attitudes	Intention to vaccinate/ vaccination uptake
Wroe, 2004²⁹	New Zealand	Quantitative; ad hoc tool	195	Childhood vaccination	-	-	Reasons for vaccinating: child protection; community benefits. Reasons against: side effects; preference for natural immunity; child being too young, diseases resistance to immunizations; distrust of the received information; emotional reasons	Intention to vaccinate: 67%
Heyman, 2010³⁰	USA	Quantitative; ad hoc tool	300	HPV	Most of the sample had previous knowledge about HPV infection and vaccination	Television (77%); OBGYN (25.3%); News Media (29.5%); Another MD (11.5%); Internet (11.1%); Friend (8.8%); Other (6.0%).	Reasons against vaccinating: side effects and interactions; need for more information	Intention to vaccinate: male infant 27.7%, female infant 40.0%
Morin, 2012³¹	Canada (Quebec)	Quantitative; ad hoc validated tool	343 (278 pregnant)	Rotavirus	High level of knowledge on gastroenteritis and rotavirus infection and vaccination	Media (44%); health professionals (32%); family or friends (16%).	-	Intention to vaccinate: 74.0% (among the 29% of the sample who had already heard about rotavirus vaccine)
Saitoh, 2013³²	Japan	Quantitative (RCT); ad hoc validated tool	116 (37 pregnant in intervention group, 42 controls),	Childhood vaccination	Limited knowledge about vaccinations and self-reported knowledge related to the individual understanding of childhood vaccinations	-	Choices influenced by perceived severity and social norms. Average scores for the perceived benefits of vaccinations were slightly higher than those for the perceived barriers of vaccinations.	Control group: 50.0% for all vaccines; 33% only some vaccines Pre-intervention group: 52.99% for all vaccines, 26.5% only some vaccines
Weiner, 2015³³	USA	Quantitative; ad hoc tool	200	Childhood vaccination	High knowledge level of vaccine efficacy and safety, except for two statements. 42% of women reported being dissatisfied with their current knowledge level	Internet (36%); family (27%); healthcare professionals (22.5%)	Relatively positive beliefs and perceptions regarding childhood vaccines: recognized importance, uncertainty about safety (eg. autism)	Intention to vaccinate: Acceptors 75%; Delayers /Decliners 14.5%; Uncertain 10.5%;
Dubé, 2016³⁴	Canada (Quebec)	Qualitative; ad hoc tool	55	Childhood vaccination	Self-perceived lack of knowledge	-	Reasons for vaccinating: protection, safety and efficacy of vaccines. Reasons against: side effects; preference for natural immunity, distrust in the received information and in public authority.	Favorable to all vaccines; n = 24, full uptake n = 21; unfavorable: n = 6, uptake = 0; hesitant: n = 25, full uptake n = 15
Grant, 2016³⁵	New Zealand	Quantitative; ad hoc tool	11,226 (6,822 pregnant women; 4,404 partners)	Childhood vaccination	-	-	-	Intention to vaccinate 81%, vaccine uptake 70% of surveyed infants
Mohd Azizi, 2017³⁶	Malaysia	Quantitative; validated tool (PACV)^41,42	545 (102 pregnant)	Childhood vaccination	-	Internet (65.6%); brochures (56.9%); healthcare professionals (49.4%); TV (44.1%).	Main concerns on vaccination: side effects; efficiency and safety Vaccine-hesitant: 11.6%	-
Cunningham, 2018³⁷	USA	Quantitative; validated tool (PACV)^41,42	648 (610 pregnant women; 38 partners)	Childhood vaccination	-	-	Vaccine-hesitant: 8%
Gualano, 2018³⁸	Italy	Quantitative; ad hoc tool	1,820	Childhood vaccination	-	Internet (65.7%); word of mouth (47.7%); health professionals (37.3%)	Most of the sample was in favor of compulsory vaccination	-
Dailey, 2018³⁹	USA	Quantitative; validated tool (PACV)^41,42	945	Childhood vaccination	-	-	Vaccine-hesitant: 14.1%	-
Corben, 2018⁴⁰	Australia	Quantitative; ad hoc tool	231	Childhood vaccination	-	-	High level of support for childhood vaccination. Almost all respondents agreed that the benefits of vaccines outweighed the risks	Intention to vaccinate: 92.2% Vaccination uptake: 83.2% within 30 days of the recommended date for each vaccine, 12.1% after minor delay (< 10% of follow-up days)
Betsch, 2018⁴¹	Germany	Quantitative (longitudinal); ad hoc tool	943	Childhood vaccination	-	-	Relatively positive attitude toward vaccination across all times	-
Danchin, 2018⁴²	Australia	Quantitative (RCT); ad hoc tool	975	Childhood vaccination	Most of the sample agreed that they had enough knowledge to make a decision about vaccinating their child	Midwives (66%); general practitioners (58%); obstetrician (38%)	High support for childhood vaccination, considered safe, effective and necessary. Main concerns: too many vaccines and for uncommon disease; allergies.	Vaccination uptake: 89%
Rosso, 2019⁴³	Italy	Quantitative ad hoc validated tool	458	Childhood vaccination	Limited knowledge of vaccine efficacy and safety, with high rates of uncertainty regarding some statements. 30% rated their level of knowledge of vaccinations at least adequate	Word of mouth (62.6%); media 33.6%); health professionals (38%)	Most respondents agreed with the importance of vaccines. Main concerns: side effects; distrust in pharmaceutical companies	Highest intention rates: hexavalent vaccine 76.8%; anti-MMR 64.3%.
Bechini, 2019⁴⁴	Italy	Quantitative; ad hoc tool	214	Childhood vaccination	High rates of uncertainty regarding agreement with statements on vaccines safety and efficacy. 41% percent rated their knowledge of vaccines as low.	Word of mouth (50%), family doctor (45.7%), mass media (35.7%), pediatricians (21.4%), gynecologists (16.2%), institutional web-sites (19.5%)	Recognized importance of vaccines for protecting individual and the community, fear of side effects. Agreement with compulsory vaccinations.	Highest intention rates for tetanus (78%), meningitis B and C (74 and 77%), pertussis and measles (70%)