Table 2.
Decision framework for the introduction of new vaccine.
| Singapore | Brunei | Thailand | Malaysia | Philippines | Indonesia | Cambodia | Lao PDR | Myanmar | Vietnam | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gavi-eligible country (Gavi-graduating year)33 |
No | No | No | No | No | Recently graduated (2018) |
Yes (TBC) |
Yes (2022) |
Yes (TBC) |
Yes (2020) |
| NITAGs establishment | 1975 as ECI34 | No26 | 1970 as ACIP34 | 2008 as NCIP34 | 1986 as NIC23 | 2007 as ITAGI35 | 201626 | 201334 | 2009 as NCIP34 | 1998*34 |
| Decision makers regarding new vaccine adoption5 | MoH | MoH | NEDL | NCIP | DoH | ITAGI | NITAGs | NITAG | MOHS | MoH (HITAP) |
| HTA guideline | No | No | Third edition expected in 202036 | Health Technology Assessment Manual 201537 | Draft guideline38 | Health Technology Assessment Guideline 201739 | No | No | No | No |
| HTA agency | ACE40 | No | HITAP36 | MaHTAS37 | Yes (not named yet)38 |
InaHTAC39 | No | No | No | No |
| Required HTA for new vaccine adoption in NIP | Yes40 | No | Yes36 | Yes37 | Yes38 | Yes39 | No | No | No | No |
| The importance of the health problem | BOD5 | N/A | BOD, Severity of diseases5,41 |
BOD | N/A | BOD42 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Vaccine characteristics | Safety and efficacy5 | N/A | Safety and efficacy5,41 | Safety and efficacy37 | Safety and efficacy2 | Effectiveness and safety42 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Financial economic issues | EE5 | N/A | EE5,41 | EE37 | EE2 | EE, Sustainability, Financing42 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Ethical, organizational, social, and legal aspects | N/A | N/A | - Equity - Target age group41 |
- Strategy for service - Delivery - Monitoring and surveillance - Regulatory37 |
N/A | - Vaccine availability - Capability to produce the vaccine (in some vaccine)42 |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
*SIVAC has been supporting the strengthening of the committee since September 2010.
TBC = To be confirmed, ECI = Expert Committee on Immunization, MoH = Ministry of Health, ACIP = the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, NEDL = Health Promotion and Disease Control and National Essential Drugs List, NCIP = the National Committee on Immunization Practices, NIC = The National Immunization Committee, DoH = Department of Health, ITAGI = the Indonesian Technical Advisory Group on Immunization, NITAGs = National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups, MOHS = the Ministry of Health and Sports, HITAP = The Health Intervention and Technology Assessment, ACE = Agency for Care Effectiveness, MaHTAS = The Malaysian Health Technology Assessment Section, InaHTAC = Indonesian Health Technology Assessment Committee, BOD = Burden of Disease study, EE = Economic Evaluation study, N/A = Not applicable
Sources: World Health Organization, Gavi the Vaccine Alliance, HTA report in each country, NITAGs resource center.