1. Macroscopic classification of myocardial lesions in cardiac sarcoidosis [25] |
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- Spotty pattern |
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- Conglomerate band-like pattern |
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- Dendritic pattern |
2. Histologic features of myocardial lesions in cardiac sarcoidosis [25] |
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- Exudative type: marked lymphocytic infiltration, diffuse edema, collection of histiocytes in the interstitium |
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- Granuloma type: typical epithelioid-cell-granuloma formation with giant cells and lymphocytes |
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- Combined type: some atrophic epithelioid-cell-granulomatous and fibrous change |
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- Fibrotic type: the myocardial tissue replaced by fibro-hyaline changes, with sparse lymphocytic infiltration. |
3. Phases of the lesion in cardiac sarcoidosis [36] |
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- Early (primarily lymphocytic) phase: areas indistinguishable from lymphocytic myocarditis |
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- Intermediate (primarily granulomatous) phase: active granulomatous lesion |
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- Late (primarily scar) phase: areas composed predominantly of scar |