TABLE 1—
Baseline Characteristics Stratified by Daily Cannabis Use Among People Who Inject Drugs: Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2005–2018
| Daily Cannabis Use |
||||
| Characteristic | Total No. (%) or Median (IQR) | Yes (n = 666), No. (%) or Median (IQR) | No (n = 1793), No. (%) or Median (IQR) | P |
| Age, y | 36.8 (25.9–45.7) | 32.8 (23.8–43.2) | 38.3 (27.7–46.5) | < .001 |
| Sex | < .001 | |||
| Male | 1595 (64.9) | 492 (73.9) | 1103 (61.5) | |
| Female | 863 (35.1) | 174 (26.1) | 689 (38.4) | |
| Race/ethnicity | .62 | |||
| White | 1466 (59.6) | 402 (60.4) | 1064 (59.3) | |
| Other | 988 (40.2) | 262 (39.3) | 726 (40.5) | |
| Stable relationship | .75 | |||
| Legally married, common law, or regular partner | 736 (29.9) | 203 (30.5) | 533 (29.7) | |
| Others | 1703 (69.3) | 459 (68.9) | 1244 (69.4) | |
| Incarcerationa | .61 | |||
| Yes | 457 (18.6) | 119 (17.9) | 338 (18.9) | |
| No | 1983 (80.6) | 540 (81.1) | 1443 (80.5) | |
| Employmenta | .018 | |||
| Yes | 667 (27.1) | 204 (30.6) | 463 (25.8) | |
| No | 1791 (72.8) | 462 (69.4) | 1329 (74.1) | |
| Opioid agonist therapya | < .001 | |||
| Yes | 944 (38.4) | 218 (32.7) | 726 (40.5) | |
| No | 1494 (60.8) | 440 (66.1) | 1054 (58.8) | |
| Participation in drug or alcohol treatmenta | .06 | |||
| Yes | 315 (12.8) | 99 (14.9) | 216 (12.0) | |
| No | 2123 (86.3) | 559 (83.9) | 1564 (87.2) | |
| Homelessnessa | .005 | |||
| Yes | 1122 (45.6) | 336 (50.5) | 786 (43.8) | |
| No | 1323 (53.8) | 329 (49.4) | 994 (55.4) | |
| Binge drug usea | ||||
| Yes | 1205 (49.0) | 342 (51.4) | 863 (48.1) | .11 |
| No | 1240 (50.4) | 316 (47.4) | 924 (51.5) | |
| Noninjection heroin usea | .92 | |||
| ≥ daily | 102 (4.1) | 28 (4.2) | 74 (4.1) | |
| < daily | 2353 (95.7) | 635 (95.3) | 1718 (95.8) | |
| Noninjection cocaine usea | .11 | |||
| ≥ daily | 27 (1.1) | 11 (1.7) | 16 (0.9) | |
| < daily | 2431 (98.9) | 654 (98.2) | 1777 (99.1) | |
| Noninjection crack cocaine usea | .004 | |||
| ≥ daily | 777 (31.6) | 181 (27.2) | 596 (33.2) | |
| < daily | 1680 (68.3) | 484 (72.7) | 1196 (66.7) | |
| Noninjection methamphetamine usea | < .001 | |||
| ≥ daily | 163 (6.6) | 64 (9.6) | 99 (5.5) | |
| < daily | 2294 (93.3) | 600 (90.1) | 1694 (94.5) | |
| Participation in selling illicit drugsa | .25 | |||
| Yes | 928 (37.7) | 264 (39.6) | 664 (37.0) | |
| No | 1528 (62.1) | 402 (60.4) | 1126 (62.8) | |
| Unable to access addiction treatmenta | .036 | |||
| Yes | 454 (18.5) | 141 (21.2) | 313 (17.5) | |
| No | 1951 (79.3) | 511 (76.7) | 1440 (80.3) | |
| Experiencing barriers to treatment accessa | .029 | |||
| Yes | 131 (6.2) | 55 (7.8) | 76 (5.4) | |
| No | 1962 (93.0) | 642 (91.2) | 1320 (93.9) | |
| Involvement in sex worka | .13 | |||
| Yes | 151 (7.2) | 42 (6.0) | 109 (7.8) | |
| No | 1954 (92.6) | 660 (93.8) | 1294 (92.0) | |
| History of childhood sexual abuse | .006 | |||
| Yes | 560 (26.5) | 160 (22.7) | 400 (28.4) | |
| No | 1487 (70.5) | 521 (74.0) | 966 (68.7) | |
| Experience of violencea | < .001 | |||
| Yes | 484 (22.9) | 228 (32.4) | 256 (18.2) | |
| No | 1600 (75.8) | 469 (66.6) | 1131 (80.4) | |
| Cohort | < .001 | |||
| VIDUS | 1152 (46.8) | 265 (39.8) | 887 (49.5) | |
| ACCESS | 737 (30.0) | 176 (26.4) | 561 (31.3) | |
| ARYS | 570 (23.2) | 225 (33.8) | 345 (19.2) | |
Note. ACCESS = AIDS Care Cohort to Evaluate Exposure to Survival Services; ARYS = At-Risk Youth Study; IQR = interquartile range; VIDUS = Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study. The sample size was n = 2459.
a
Refers to activities in the 6 months before the follow-up interview.