TABLE 2—
Extended Cox Regression Analysis of Factors Associated With Time to Injection Cessation and Injection Relapse: Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2005–2018
| Characteristic | Injection Cessation (n = 2459), AHR (95% CI) | Injection Relapse (n = 2110), AHR (95% CI) |
| Daily cannabis usea (yes vs no) | 1.16 (1.03, 1.30) | 1.08 (0.95, 1.23) |
| Age (HR per year older) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) |
| Sex (male vs female) | 0.86 (0.76, 0.97) | |
| Incarcerationa (yes vs no) | 0.61 (0.51, 0.73) | |
| Employmenta (yes vs no) | 0.73 (0.64, 0.83) | |
| Opioid agonist therapya (yes vs no) | 1.32 (1.17, 1.48) | 1.81 (1.57, 2.08) |
| Participation in alcohol or drug treatmenta (yes vs no) | 1.84 (1.59, 2.14) | 1.07 (0.90, 1.26) |
| Binge drug usea (yes vs no) | 0.34 (0.31, 0.38) | 2.17 (1.94, 2.43) |
| Participation in selling illicit drugsa (yes vs no) | 0.38 (0.33, 0.44) | 1.70 (1.49, 1.95) |
| Involvement in sex worka (yes vs no) | . . . | 1.58 (1.31, 1.91) |
| Cohorta | ||
| ACCESS vs VIDUS | . . . | 0.94 (0.81, 1.08) |
| ARYS vs VIDUS | . . . | 0.42 (0.33, 0.54) |
Note. ACCESS = AIDS Care Cohort to Evaluate Exposure to Survival Services; AHR = adjusted hazard ratio; ARYS = At-Risk Youth Study; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; VIDUS = Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study. Variables included in the analyses but not retained in the final adjusted models were race/ethnicity (White vs other), stable relationship (yes vs no), homelessness (yes vs no), noninjection heroin use (≥ daily vs < daily), noninjection cocaine use (≥ daily vs < daily), noninjection crack cocaine use (≥ daily vs < daily), noninjection methamphetamine use (≥ daily vs < daily), being unable to access addiction treatment (yes vs no), experiencing barriers to treatment access (yes vs no), history of childhood sexual abuse (yes vs no), and experience of violence (yes vs no).
Refers to activities in the 6 months before the follow-up interview.