Table 4.
Multivariable-adjusted mean differences (95% CI) in indicators of anthropometry, glucose metabolism, and chronic inflammation according to quintiles (Q) of magnesium intake levels: the CARDIA study, 1985–86 to 2015–16a
| Quintiles of Mg intake levels (mg/1,000 kcal) | p for trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1(lowest) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5(highest) | ||
| Indicators of anthropometry | ||||||
| BMI at Y30 (n=2,792) | 0 (Ref.) | −0.30 (−0.90, 0.30) | −0.34 (−0.98, 0.29) | −0.66 (−1.35, 0.02) | −0.90 (−1.65, −0.15) | 0.02 |
| Waist circumstance at Y30 (cm, n=2,789) | 0 (Ref.) | −0.87 (−2.08, 0.35) | −0.29 (−1.58, 0.99) | −1.51 (−2.89, −0.13) | −1.35 (−2.87, 0.16) | 0.08 |
| Hip circumstance at Y30 (cm, n=2,789) | 0 (Ref.) | −0.36 (−1.42, 0.71) | −0.18 (−1.31, 0.95) | −0.69 (−1.90, 0.51) | −0.48 (−1.82, 0.85) | 0.50 |
| Triceps skinfold at Y10 (mm, n=3,230) | 0 (Ref.) | −0.24 (−0.88, 0.40) | 0.11 (−0.57, 0.79) | −0.63 (−1.35, 0.09) | −0.86 (−1.63, −0.08) | 0.01 |
| Suprailiac skinfold at Y10 (mm, n=3,198) | 0 (Ref.) | −0.46 (−1.39, 0.48) | 0.20 (−0.79, 1.18) | −0.59 (−1.63, 0.45) | −1.27 (02.40, −0.15) | 0.02 |
| Subscapular skinfold at Y10 (mm, n=3,226) | 0 (Ref.) | −0.12 (−0.80, 0.56) | −0.22 (−0.94, 0.50) | −0.74 (−1.50, 0.02) | −0.95 (−1.77, −0.13) | <0.01 |
| Indicators of glucose metabolism | ||||||
| Fasting insulin at Y30 (n=2,753) | 0 (Ref.) | −1.55 (−2.82, −0.27) | −1.00 (−2.35, 0.35) | −2.24 (−3.66, −0.81) | −1.93 (−3.50, −0.36) | 0.04 |
| Fasting glucose at Y30 (n=2,761) | 0 (Ref.) | 0.97 (−1.95, 3.89) | 0.10 (−3.00, 3.21) | −0.58 (−3.88, 2.72) | −0.93 (−4.56, 2.71) | 0.39 |
| Indicators of chronic inflammation | ||||||
| C-reactive protein at Y25 (n=2,885) | 0 (Ref.) | −1.40 (−2.22, −0.58) | −1.33 (−2.20, −0.46) | −1.38 (−2.30, −0.46) | −1.29 (−2.31, −0.28) | 0.14 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; CI, confidence interval; Mg, magnesium; Q, quintile; Ref., reference; Y, exam year.
All models were constructed by using general linear regression models. P for trend was examined by using the medians of Mg intake quintiles. Models were adjusted for baseline level of corresponding indicator, age at Y0, sex, race, study center, education, smoking status at Y0, alcohol consumption, physical activity, total energy intake, Mg supplementation use, BMI (when BMI is not the investigated outcome), systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL/LDL, cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, fasting glucose (when glucose is not the investigated outcome, and medical histories of diabetes and hypertension. All values of covariates, if not specified, were presented as the cumulative averages by the time of last indicator measurement.