Table 2.
Sleep problems and daytime impairment in women veteran caregivers and noncaregivers (N = 1,457)
| Types of sleep problem and daytime impairment | Caregivers (n = 243) | Noncaregivers (n = 1,214) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total score of insomnia severity symptoms (0–24), M (SD) | 12.4 (0.4) | 11.6 (0.2) | 0.086 |
| Total sleep time, hours, M (SD) | 5.5 (1.7) | 5.7 (1.8) | 0.047 |
| Sleep efficiency, %, M (SD) | 71.2 (21.3) | 72.7 (20.1) | 0.320 |
| DSM-5 defined insomnia (yes/no), n (%) | 177 (72.8) | 841 (69.3) | 0.269 |
| Daytime impairment due to poor sleep, n (%) | |||
| Feeling tired or fatigued during the day (yes/no) | 214 (88.4) | 1,000 (82.9) | 0.034 |
| Trouble paying attention, concentrating, or remembering things | 176 (73.0) | 831 (69.3) | 0.243 |
| Difficulty with daily activities (work, school, other responsibilities) | 151 (63.2) | 689 (57.6) | 0.107 |
| Difficulty with social life | 123 (51.5) | 564 (47.1) | 0.219 |
| Feeling irritable, depressed or anxious | 178 (74.5) | 821 (68.4) | 0.061 |
| Feeling sleepy during the day | 199 (82.2) | 978 (81.2) | 0.715 |
| Having less motivation, energy, or drive | 197 (81.4) | 908 (75.9) | 0.062 |
| Making mistake or errors | 137 (57.3) | 634 (53.1) | 0.237 |
| Having accidents or mishaps (e.g., car crashes, falls, other injuries) | 48 (20.1) | 223 (18.6) | 0.596 |
| Feeling hyperactive, impulsive, or aggressive | 108 (44.8) | 448 (37.3) | 0.028 |
| Having concerns about or dissatisfaction with sleep | 181 (77.0) | 836 (70.4) | 0.039 |
| % of endorsed rate of daytime impairment symptoms above | 64.8 (28.9) | 60.2 (31.2) | 0.035 |
Note: n = 1,436 for satisfaction with sleep; n = 1,453 for trouble falling asleep; n = 1,451 for trouble staying asleep; n = 1,442 for waking up too early; n = 1,348 for sleep problems interfering with daily functioning; n = 1,350 for sleep as worried or distressed; n = 1,414 for self-reported total sleep time; n = 1,355 for sleep efficiency; n = 1,449 for daytime impairment symptoms; DSM-5, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-5th edition.