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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 25.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Psychiatry. 2020 Feb 25;26(6):1967–1979. doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-0693-9

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

16p11.2dp/+ mice exhibit social deficits, repetitive behaviors, and cognitive impairment reminiscent of ASD and ID symptoms. A, B, Bar graphs comparing the amount of time spent interacting with the social (Soc) vs. non-social (NS) stimuli (A) and the social preference index (B) in the 3-chamber social preference test of WT and 16p11.2dp/+ mice. n = 10–11 mice/group. C, D, Bar graphs showing the amount of time spent exploring the novel social stimulus (N-Soc) vs. the familiar social stimulus (F-Soc) (C) and the social novelty index (D) in the 3-chamber preference test of WT and 16p11.2dp/+ mice. n = 10–11 mice/group. E, Bar graphs showing the amount of time spent interacting with the social stimulus in the social approach test of WT and 16p11.2dp/+ mice. n = 23–32 mice/group. F, Bar graphs showing self-grooming time for WT and 16p11.2dp/+ mice. n = 12–13 mice/group. G, H, Bar graphs showing the amount of time spent exploring the novel (Nov) vs. familiar (Fam) objects (G) and the discrimination ratio (H) in temporal order recognition memory (TORM) test of WT and 16p11.2dp/+ mice. n = 10–11 mice/group. I, Bar graphs showing the discrimination ratio in the novel object recognition (NOR) test of WT and 16p11.2dp/+ mice. n = 11 mice/group. J, K, Bar graphs showing startle responses at various stimulus intensities (J) and pre-pulse inhibition levels at various pre-pulse intensities (K) for WT and 16p11.2dp/+ mice. n = 9–10 mice/group. L, Plot showing the distance travelled (in 5-minute bins) by WT and 16p11.2dp/+ mice at baseline (0–30 min), after saline injection (30–60 min), and after injection of the NMDAR antagonist MK-801 (2 mg/kg, i.p., 60–150 min). n = 9–11 mice/group. M, Bar graphs showing the latency to fall in the rotarod test of WT and 16p11.2dp/+ mice at different ages. n = 7–11 mice/group. N, Bar graphs showing the total amount of time spent exploring the open arms in the elevated plus maze test of WT and 16p11.2dp/+ mice. n = 11 mice/group. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. In all figures, ns = not significant, * p < 0.05; **, ++ p < 0.01; ***, +++ p < 0.0001.