Table 1.
Participant Characterization per Group
| ASD (N = 50) | TD (N = 43) | Statistical Comparison | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | (SD) | Range | Mean | (SD) | Range | ||
| Gender | 8 female participants | 5 female participants | χ2(1) = 0.37, p = 0.544 | ||||
| Handedness | 9 left | 5 left | χ2(1) = 0.73, p = 0.392 | ||||
| Age (years) | 13.5 | (2.7) | 7.4–18.0 | 13.6 | (2.6) | 8.1–17.7 | t(91) = −0.17, p = 0.865 |
| WASI-II | |||||||
| Verbal IQ | 100.5 | (17.6) | 59–147 | 106.8 | (9.2) | 87–127 | t(91) = −2.19, p = 0.032 |
| Non-verbal IQ | 105.3 | (18.2) | 53–140 | 104.5 | (13.4) | 62–129 | t(91) = 0.24, p = 0.810 |
| Full-Scale IQ | 103.3 | (16.9) | 61–141 | 106.1 | (10.6) | 79–126 | t(91) = −0.97, p = 0.333 |
| RMSD | 0.06 | (0.03) | 0.02–0.13 | 0.06 | (0.03) | 0.02–0.13 | t(91) = 0.57, p = 0.569 |
| ADOSa | |||||||
| Social interaction | 7.8 | (2.6) | 4–14 | – | – | – | – |
| Communication | 4.0 | (1.7) | 0–8 | – | – | – | – |
| Rep./Restricted | 2.2 | (1.5) | 0–5 | – | – | – | – |
| ADI-Rb | – | – | – | ||||
| Social interaction | 18.2 | (4.6) | 6–28 | – | – | – | – |
| Communication | 13.2 | (5.0) | 2–24 | – | – | – | – |
| Rep. behaviors | 5.8 | (2.2) | 1–12 | – | – | – | – |
| Psychotropic medication use | 26 reported | – | – | – | – | ||
| Comorbiditiesc | 20 reported | – | – | – | – | ||
| SRS | |||||||
| Awareness | 71.7 | (14.1) | 39–97 | 44.2 | (9.2) | 30–73 | t(90) = 10.81, p < 0.001 |
| Cognition | 75.9 | (11.8) | 45–99 | 43.6 | (6.2) | 36–56 | t(90) = 16.28, p < 0.001 |
| Communication | 80.8 | (11.3) | 62–110 | 43.6 | (5.5) | 36–60 | t(90) = 19.43, p < 0.001 |
| Motivation | 75.6 | (11.9) | 56–104 | 45.9 | (5.6) | 37–56 | t(90) = 15.05, p < 0.001 |
| ASD mannerisms | 86.4 | (15.8) | 58–126 | 44.6 | (5.9) | 40–65 | t(90) = 16.31, p < 0.001 |
Note: ADI-R = Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised; ADOS = Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; IQ = intelligence quotient; Rep. = repetitive; RMSD = root mean squared displacement; SD = standard deviation; SRS = Social Responsiveness Scale; TD = typically developing; WASI-II = Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, 2nd edition.
Subdomain data not available for 1 participant with ASD.
Subdomain data not available for 1 participant with ASD.
Comorbid psychiatric conditions reported in the ASD group include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (n = 11), depression (n = 5), and anxiety (n = 12); 6 out of 20 participants reported more than one diagnosed comorbid condition.