Table 2.
Between-group Statistical Comparisons
| ROI Pairing | Statistical Testa | p-value | MSe | Corrected p-valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASD vs. TD | L AI – L V1 | F(1,89) = 9.68 | 0.003 | 0.42 | p = 0.037 |
| L AI – L V2+ | F(1,89) = 6.44 | 0.013 | 0.30 | p = 0.091 | |
| L AI – R V1 | F(1,89) = 8.68 | 0.004 | 0.39 | p = 0.037 | |
| L AI – R V2+ | F(1,89) = 10.14 | 0.002 | 0.41 | p = 0.037 | |
| ASD1 vs. ASD2 vs. TD | L AI – L V1 | F(2,88) = 4.97 | 0.009 | 0.22 | -- |
| L AI – L V2+ | F(2,88) = 3.34 | 0.040 | 0.16 | -- | |
| L AI – R V1 | F(2,88) = 4.51 | 0.014 | 0.21 | -- | |
| L AI – R V2+ | F(2,88) = 5.03 | 0.009 | 0.21 | -- | |
| ASD1 vs. ASD2 | L AI – L V1 | t(48) = 0.56 | 0.581 | -- | -- |
| L AI – L V2+ | t(48) = 0.62 | 0.540 | -- | -- | |
| L AI – R V1 | t(48) = −0.68 | 0.503 | -- | -- | |
| L AI – R V2+ | t(48) = −0.11 | 0.914 | -- | -- | |
| ASD1 vs. TD | L AI – L V1 | t(66) = −2.37 | 0.021 | -- | -- |
| L AI – L V2+ | t(66) = −1.84 | 0.071 | -- | -- | |
| L AI – R V1 | t(66) = −2.83 | 0.006 | -- | -- | |
| L AI – R V2+ | t(66) = −2.71 | 0.009 | -- | -- | |
| ASD2 vs. TD | L AI – L V1 | t(66) = −2.79 | 0.007 | -- | -- |
| L AI – L V2+ | t(66) = −2.41 | 0.019 | -- | -- | |
| L AI – R V1 | t(66) = −2.10 | 0.044 | -- | -- | |
| L AI – R V2+ | t(66) = −2.53 | 0.014 | -- | -- | |
Note: AI = anterior insula; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; L = left; R = right; ROI = Region-of-Interest; TD = typically developing; V1 = primary visual cortex; V2+ = secondary visual and extrastriate cortices; MSe = mean squared error.
a
Only significant and trending F-tests (controlling for age and RMSD) of between-group effects are reported; post-hoc two-tailed t-tests reported for ROI pairings with medium to large effect sizes (i.e., Cohen’s |d| > 0.5).
b
False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons.