Table 1.
Sample characteristics of very low birth weight infants in California NICUs, California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative 2008–2011.
| Infant and maternal characteristics | N (15,901) or mean | % or SD |
|---|---|---|
| Infant factors | ||
| Birth weight in grams (mean, SD) | 1070.62 | 284.4 |
| Gestational age (mean, SD) | 28.23 | 2.9 |
| 5 min Apgar Score (mean, SD) | 7.53 | 1.8 |
| Small for gestational agea | ||
| No | 11,584 | 72.9% |
| Yes | 4314 | 27.1% |
| Outborn status | ||
| No | 12,326 | 77.5% |
| Yes | 3575 | 22.5% |
| Sexa | ||
| Female | 7630 | 48.0% |
| Male | 8270 | 52.0% |
| Singleton | ||
| No | 4341 | 27.3% |
| Yes | 11,560 | 72.7% |
| NICU level Baby-MONITOR components | ||
| Any antenatal corticosteroid administration (N = 11,443) | 9871 | 86.3% |
| Moderate hypothermia (<36 °C) on admission (N = 15,695) | 2348 | 15.0% |
| Nonsurgically-induced pneumothorax (N = 15,894) | 591 | 3.7% |
| Health care-associated bacterial or fungal infection (N = 15,335) | 1976 | 12.9% |
| Chronic lung disease (N = 13,593) | 2925 | 21.5% |
| Timely eye exam (N = 10,604) | 9940 | 93.7% |
| Discharge on any human breast milk (N = 13,776) | 8855 | 64.3% |
| Mortality during the birth hospitalization (N = 15,638) | 1068 | 6.8% |
| High growth velocity (N = 12,831) | 6667 | 53.8% |
| Maternal factors | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| NH White | 4115 | 25.9% |
| NH Black | 2162 | 13.6% |
| Hispanic | 7594 | 47.8% |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1630 | 10.3% |
| Other | 400 | 2.5% |
| Maternal agea | ||
| ≤20 | 2204 | 13.9% |
| 21–34 | 10,018 | 63.0% |
| 35+ | 3664 | 23.0% |
| Nativitya | ||
| Foreign born | 5977 | 37.6% |
| US born | 9900 | 62.3% |
| Education | ||
| <High school | 3787 | 23.8% |
| High school graduate | 4160 | 26.2% |
| Some college and associate degree | 3856 | 24.3% |
| Bachelor’s degree and above | 3290 | 20.7% |
| Unknown | 808 | 5.1% |
| Expected principal source of payment for deliverya | ||
| Medi-Cal | 7803 | 49.1% |
| Private insurance company | 6994 | 44.0% |
| Other government programs | 323 | 2.0% |
| Self pay | 423 | 2.7% |
| Other | 297 | 1.9% |
| Prenatal carea | ||
| No | 516 | 3.3% |
| Yes | 15,282 | 96.1% |
| Cesarean deliverya | ||
| No | 4042 | 25.4% |
| Yes | 11,858 | 74.6% |
| Cigarette use during pregnancy | ||
| No | 15,097 | 94.9% |
| Yes | 510 | 3.2% |
| Unknown | 294 | 1.9% |
| Paritya | ||
| 1 | 6663 | 41.90% |
| 2 | 4295 | 27.01% |
| 3+ | 4918 | 30.93% |
aMissing data are not shown as <1.0%.