Table 3.
Coefficients for variables in elastic net models
| Year 1 | Year 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ED diagnosis | Binge eating | Compensatory behaviors | Underweight BMI | ED diagnosis | Binge eating | Compensatory behaviors | Underweight BMI | |
| Age | - | - | −0.01 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ethnicity (Hispanic) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ethnicity (Black) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ethnicity (American Indian) | −2.96 | - | - | 0.35 | −0.96 | - | - | - |
| Ethnicity (Asian) | - | - | - | - | - | 0.01 | - | - |
| Marital status (married once) | 0.04 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Marital status (divorced) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Marital status (divorced, remarried) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Marital status (widowed) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Marital status (widowed, remarried) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Marital status (significant other) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Number of children | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Living situation (family) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Living situation (friends) | - | - | 0.18 | - | −0.03 | - | - | - |
| Living situation (significant other) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Education level (grade 7–12) | −0.29 | - | - | −1.36 | - | - | - | - |
| Education level (graduated high school) | - | - | - | - | −0.11 | - | - | - |
| Education level (part college) | - | - | 0.06 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Education level (graduated 2-year college) | −1.04 | −0.15 | - | - | −0.08 | - | - | - |
| Education level (graduated 4-year college) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Education level (part graduate school) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Education level (graduated graduate school) | 0.12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Employment status (unemployed) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Baseline ED diagnosis (BN) | 0.25 | 0.56 | 0.77 | - | - | - | 1.32 | - |
| Baseline ED diagnosis (BED) | - | - | −0.46 | - | - | - | −0.58 | −0.05 |
| Baseline ED diagnosis (subthreshold AN) | - | - | - | 0.39 | - | - | - | 0.38 |
| Baseline ED diagnosis (subthreshold BN) | - | - | 0.40 | - | - | - | 0.21 | - |
| Baseline ED diagnosis (subthreshold BED) | −0.14 | - | −0.37 | - | - | - | −0.17 | - |
| Restraint (EDE) | - | - | 0.04 | - | 0.03 | - | - | - |
| Eating concern (EDE) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Shape concern (EDE) | - | - | - | - | 0.13 | - | - | - |
| Weight concern (EDE) | - | - | - | - | 0.02 | - | - | - |
| Binge-eating episodes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Self-induced vomiting episodes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Laxative episodes | - | - | 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Diuretic episodes | - | - | - | - | −0.01 | - | - | - |
| Body mass index | - | - | −0.01 | −0.21 | - | - | −0.02 | −0.02 |
| Binge eating (BES) | 0.02 | 0.02 | - | - | - | 0.02 | - | - |
| Disinhibited eating (TFEQ) | 0.01 | 0.10 | - | −0.04 | 0.03 | 0.05 | - | −0.03 |
| Hunger (TFEQ) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Restraint (TFEQ) | - | - | 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - |
| History of psychiatric treatment | 0.05 | - | - | - | - | −0.12 | - | - |
| History of psychiatric hospitalization | - | - | 0.14 | 0.14 | - | - | - | 0.16 |
| Current or past mood disorder | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Current generalized anxiety disorder | - | - | 0.07 | - | - | - | 0.04 | - |
| Current or past substance use disorder | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Current or past obsessive-compulsive disorder | - | - | 0.13 | - | - | - | - | 0.02 |
| Current or past post-traumatic stress disorder | - | - | 0.12 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cluster A personality disorder | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cluster B personality disorder | - | - | 0.14 | - | - | −0.06 | - | - |
| Cluster C personality disorder | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Depression (BDI) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Self-esteem (RSES) | 0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
AN, anorexia nervosa; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1996); BED, binge-eating disorder; BES, Binge Eating Scale (Gormally et al., 1982); BN, bulimia nervosa; ED, eating disorder; EDE, Eating Disorder Examination (Cooper & Fairburn, 1987); RSES, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965); TFEQ, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (Stunkard & Messick, 1985).
Elastic net coefficients represent the final model, identified through 10-fold cross-validation repeated three times to identify the optimal λ (penalization) and α (mixing) parameters. Dashes represent values of zero. Reference groups for categorical variables are: anorexia nervosa (baseline eating disorder diagnosis), white (ethnicity), married (marital status), alone (living situation), less than grade school (education level), and employed (employment status).