Table 1.
Subject demographics and ventilator settings pre/post.
| Total |
Pre-intervention |
Post-intervention |
p-Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | n | n | |||||
| Total | 500 | 272 | 54.4% | 228 | 45.6% | ||
| Age (yrs.) | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 58.0 | (43.0–71.0) | 57.5 | (41.5–70.0) | 45.0 | (45.0–71.0) | 0.378 |
| Sex | 0.769 | ||||||
| Male | 293 | 58.6% | 161 | 59.2% | 132 | 57.9% | |
| Female | 207 | 41.4% | 111 | 40.8% | 96 | 42.1% | |
| Height (cm) | 172.7 | (165.1–180.3) | 172.7 | (165.1–180.3) | 172.7 | (165.1–180.2) | 0.664 |
| Weight (kg) | 82.3 | (68.0–97.1) | 84.9 | (69.9–97.9) | 80.6 | (66.4–95.2) | 0.271 |
| BMI | 27.4 | (23.7–32.6) | 28.0 | (23.7–33.1) | 27.1 | (23.7–32.2) | 0.242 |
| Reason for intubation | 0.295 | ||||||
| Asthma | 4 | 0.8% | 3 | 1.1% | 1 | 0.4% | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5 | 1.0% | 5 | 1.8% | 0 | 0.0% | |
| Chronic heart failure/pulmonary edema | 20 | 4.0% | 9 | 3.3% | 11 | 4.8% | |
| Sepsis | 71 | 14.2% | 42 | 15.4% | 29 | 12.7% | |
| Trauma | 86 | 17.2% | 51 | 18.8% | 35 | 15.4% | |
| Cardiac arrest | 15 | 3.0% | 9 | 3.3% | 6 | 2.6% | |
| Alcohol/drug overdose | 76 | 15.2% | 41 | 15.1% | 35 | 15.4% | |
| Neurological | 119 | 23.8% | 49 | 18.0% | 55 | 24.1% | |
| Other | 104 | 20.8% | 63 | 23.2% | 56 | 24.6% | |
| SOFA score, median (IQR) | |||||||
| Initial SOFA | 2 | (0–4) | 0 | (0–4) | 2 | (0–4) | 0.419 |
| 24-hour SOFA | 4 | (2–7) | 4 | (2–6) | 4 | (2–7) | 0.185 |
| ED length of ventilation (min), median (IQR) | 106.0 | 66.0–161.5 | 101.5 | 66.5–159.5 | 107.5 | 65.5–163.0 | 0.317 |
| ED ventilator variables | |||||||
| Tidal volume (mL), median (IQR) | 425 | (380–450) | 440 | (400–462.5) | 405 | (370–450) | <0.001 |
| Tidal volume (ml/kg IBW), median (IQR) | 6.4 | (5.8–7.1) | 6.5 | (5.8–7.4) | 6.2 | (5.8–6.7) | <0.001 |
| PEEP, cmH2O, median (IQR) | 5 | (5–5) | 5 | (5–5) | 5 | (5–5) | 0.068 |
| Respiratory rate, median (IQR) | 18 | (16–20) | 18 | (15.5–20) | 18 | (16–20) | 0.006 |
| FiO2, median (IQR) | 50 | (40–75) | 60 | (40–80) | 50 | (40–70) | 0.029 |
| Lung-protective ventilation⁎⁎ (%) | 448 | 90.7 | 235 | 87.7 | 213 | 94.3 | 0.012 |
| Ventilator Mode | 0.068 | ||||||
| VC-AC | 454 | 90.8 | 238 | 87.5 | 216 | 94.7 | |
| PC-AC | 19 | 3.8 | 13 | 4.8 | 6 | 2.6 | |
| VC-SIMV | 14 | 2.8 | 10 | 3.7 | 4 | 1.8 | |
| PC-SIMV | 12 | 2.4 | 10 | 3.7 | 2 | 0.9 | |
| PS | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| ED protocol adherence | 100 | 20.0 | 37 | 13.6 | 63 | 27.6 | <0.001 |
| ICU ventilator variables | |||||||
| Tidal volume (mL) | 430 | 380–475 | 439.5 | 381–480 | 420 | 380–460 | 0.161 |
| Tidal volume (ml/kg IBW) | 6.4 | 5.9–7.3 | 6.6 | 5.9–7.4 | 6.3 | 5.9–7.2 | 0.254 |
| PEEP, cmH2O | 5 | (5–5) | 5 | (5–5) | 5 | (5–5) | 0.322 |
| Respiratory rate | 18 | 15–22 | 18 | 15–22 | 18 | 16–21 | 0.340 |
| FiO2 (%) | 40 | 40–60 | 40 | 40–60 | 40 | 40–55 | 0.128 |
| Lung-protective ventilation⁎⁎ (%) | 407 | 82.2 | 219 | 82.0 | 188 | 84.7 | 0.433 |
| Ventilator mode | 0.002 | ||||||
| VC-AC | 238 | 48.2 | 135 | 50.0 | 103 | 46.0 | |
| PC-AC | 37 | 7.5 | 23 | 8.5 | 14 | 6.3 | |
| VC-SIMV | 4 | 0.8 | 2 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.9 | |
| PRVC-AC | 97 | 19.6 | 38 | 14.1 | 59 | 26.3 | |
| PS | 76 | 15.4 | 40 | 14.8 | 36 | 16.1 | |
| ICU protocol adherence | 132 | 33.8 | 55 | 20.2 | 77 | 33.8 | 0.001 |
⁎⁎
Lung protective ventilation defined as tidal volume ≤ 8 mL/kg.