Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population by prevalent cases of orgasmic (OD) and erectile (ED) dysfunction at EDIC year 17
| No OD or ED (n=303) |
OD only (n=21) |
OD & ED (n=62) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic/Clinical | ||||
| Age (years) | 49.5±6.4 | 50.1±5.5 | 54.6±6.0 | <0.0001 |
| Married | 235 (78) | 14 (67) | 47 (77) | 0.4632 |
| College education | 199 (66) | 14 (67) | 34 (56) | 0.2823 |
| Current smoker | 28 (9) | 2 (10) | 13 (21) | 0.0254 |
| Current drinker | 159 (53) | 6 (29) | 28 (46) | 0.0705 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2) | 28.3±4.3 | 28.3±3.6 | 29.4±5.7 | 0.5075 |
| Body Mass Index category | ||||
| Normal (BMI<25) | 67 (23) | 4 (20) | 13 (22) | 0.5872 |
| Overweight (25≤BMI<30) | 138 (46) | 9 (45) | 21 (36) | |
| Obese (BMI≥30) | 92 (31) | 7 (35) | 24 (41) | |
| Hypertension* | 188 (63) | 15 (71) | 49 (80) | 0.0255 |
| Total testosterone (ng/dL) | 560.0±192.8 | 539.7±190.9 | 524.7±234.0 | 0.3151 |
| Androgen deficient (Testosterone<300) | 16 (5) | 3 (14) | 8 (14) | 0.0327 |
| AUA Symptom Index (points) | 4.7±4.2 | 6.5±3.8 | 8.4±6.3 | <0.0001 |
| Moderate/Severe LUTS (AUASI≥8) | 53 (17) | 6 (29) | 30 (48) | <0.0001 |
| BPH medication use | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 4 (6) | ----- |
| Depression | 46 (15) | 7 (33) | 19 (31) | 0.0036 |
| Antidepressant medication use | 71 (23) | 10 (48) | 27 (44) | 0.0007 |
| SF-36 sub-scales† | ||||
| Physical function | 92.5±13.2 | 82.2±19.2 | 75.3±22.2 | <0.0001 |
| Social function | 82.7±13.4 | 71.7±17.5 | 73.4±18.6 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes Control and Treatment | ||||
| DCCT cohort (primary prevention) | 165 (54) | 11 (52) | 29 (47) | 0.5422 |
| DCCT treatment group (intensive) | 154 (51) | 8 (38) | 32 (52) | 0.5150 |
| Duration of T1D (years) | 29.3±4.9 | 28.7±4.5 | 29.8±4.6 | 0.6535 |
| Time-weighted DCCT/EDIC HbA1c (%) | 7.7±0.9 | 7.9±1.0 | 8.3±1.0 | 0.0002 |
| Insulin dose (U/kg/day) | 0.7±0.3 | 0.8±0.3 | 0.8±0.3 | 0.3191 |
| Diabetes Complications | ||||
| Retinopathy‡ | 50 (17) | 4 (19) | 16 (26) | 0.2216 |
| Nephropathy§ | 16 (5) | 2 (10) | 9 (16) | <0.0001 |
| Neuropathy | ||||
| Abnormal MNSI¶ | 100 (34) | 10 (50) | 37 (62) | 0.0002 |
| Composite CAN∥ | 77 (26) | 8 (38) | 35 (49) | <0.0001 |
| Sexual Characteristics | ||||
| Engaged in sexual activity | 288 (95) | 21 (100) | 50 (81) | 0.0001 |
| ED medication use | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 11 (18) | ----- |
| Other ED treatment | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (16) | ----- |
| Low sexual desire | 90 (30) | 13 (62) | 29 (55) | <0.0001 |
Note: Data are Mean±Std or N (%). P-values based the Kruskal-Wallis test for quantitative variables or the Contingency chi-square for qualitative variables. Sample sizes may vary due to missing data.
Hypertension defined as sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP)≥90 mmHg or the use of antihypertensive medication.
Microvascular complications:
SF-36 scores range from 0 to 100, where 100 indicates a more favorable quality of life.
Retinopathy defined as PDR or worse up through EDIC year 14 using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study on a scale of 0-23 (≥12 proliferative diabetic retinopathy).
Nephropathy defined as any AER≥300 mg/24hr or ESRD at EDIC year 15/16.
Neuropathy defined as an abnormal MNSI at EDIC year 17 by the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument >6 responses on the 4questionnaire or a score of >2 on the exam.
Composite CAN function defined as either R-R variation<15 or R-R variation between 15-19.9 plus either a Valsalva ratio ≤1.5 or a supine-to-standing drop of 10 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure at EDIC year 16/17.