Table 3.
Neurodevelopmental assessments among 41 ECHO cohorts with a banked prenatal or delivery biospecimen by life stage, n (%)a
| Neurodevelopmental Assessment | Collected (ever)b |
Infancy (birth to <12 months) |
Childhood (1 to <5 years) |
Middle childhood (5 to <12 years) |
Adolescence (≥12 years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASD-related phenotype | |||||
| ASD clinical diagnosisc | 11 (26.8) | 5 (12.2) | 8 (19.5) | 3 (7.3) | 2 (4.9) |
| Social Responsiveness Scale | 6 (14.6) | 1 (2.4) | 5 (12.2) | 2 (4.9) | 1 (2.4) |
| Attention disorders-related phenotype | |||||
| ADHD clinical diagnosisc | 11 (26.8) | 5 (12.2) | 8 (19.5) | 3 (7.3) | 2 (4.9) |
| CBRS | 1 (2.4) | NA | NA | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.4) |
| Continuous performance test | 3 (7.3) | 0 | 1 (2.4) | 2 (4.9) | 1 (2.4) |
| Brain magnetic resonance imaging | 6 (14.6) | 4 (9.8) | 4 (9.8) | 2 (4.9) | 1 (2.4) |
| Infant/toddler development | |||||
| BSID | 7 (17.1) | 5 (12.2) | 7 (17.1) | 0 | 0 |
| Other developmental assessment | 19 (46.3) | 13 (31.7) | 14 (34.1) | 3 (7.3) | 0 |
| Intelligence quotient | |||||
| WISC or WPPSI | 6 (14.6) | NA | 4 (9.8) | 4 (9.8) | 0 |
| Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales | 1 (2.4) | NA | 1 (2.4) | 0 | 0 |
| Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test | 2 (4.9) | NA | 2 (4.9) | 0 | 0 |
| Language development | |||||
| MacArthur-Bates CDI | 5 (12.2) | 1 (2.4) | 4 (9.8) | NA | NA |
| Preschool language test | 5 (12.2) | 2 (4.9) | 5 (12.2) | 1 (2.4) | NA |
| Speech and language assessment scale | 5 (12.2) | NA | 5 (12.2) | 2 (4.9) | 0 |
| Externalizing/internalizing behavior scoring | |||||
| Child Behavior Checklist | 11 (26.8) | 1 (2.4) | 11 (26.8) | 2 (4.9) | 1 (2.4) |
| BASC | 5 (12.2) | 0 | 2 (4.9) | 3 (7.3) | 0 |
| Depression scale (any) | 5 (12.2) | 3 (7.3) | 4 (9.8) | 2 (4.9) | 2 (4.9) |
| Child Depression Inventory | 1 (2.4) | NA | NA | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.4) |
| Executive function test | |||||
| Wisconsin or other card sorting test | 2 (4.9) | NA | NA | 2 (4.9) | 0 |
| BRIEF | 8 (19.5) | NA | 6 (14.6) | 4 (9.8) | 0 |
| Gross motor development (any) | 17 (41.5) | 13 (31.7) | 10 (24.4) | 5 (12.2) | 1 (2.4) |
| Fine motor skills (any) | 12 (29.3) | 10 (24.4) | 8 (19.5) | 3 (7.3) | 0 |
| Pegboard | 4 (9.8) | NA | 3 (7.3) | 2 (4.9) | 0 |
NA indicates that assessment is not applicable to this life stage and was not ascertained by the ECHO Data Analysis Center.
a
Restricted to cohorts that collected maternal blood, whole blood, serum, plasma, or urine during gestation or maternal blood or umbilical cord blood at delivery.
b
Number (%) of ECHO cohorts with the neurodevelopmental assessment at any life stage.
c
Diagnosis based on clinician assessment or parent report of a clinical diagnosis.