Table 1.
Demographic details of infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) and healthy controls.
| Variable | Infants with CHD (n = 64) | Healthy controls (n = 192) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age at birth, weeks | 38.57 (35.29–41.57) | 38.86 (35.14–40.43) | 0.06† |
| Post-menstrual age at scan, weeks | 39.29 (36.43–42.29) | 39.43 (36.43–42.86) | 0.23† |
| Male, no. (%) | 35 (55) | 105 (55) | 1.00# |
| Birth weight, kg | 3.11 (1.81–4.29) | 3.11 (1.87–4.80) | 0.37* |
| Birth weight z-score | − 0.83 (− 4.32 to 1.58) | − 0.65 (− 3.57 to 3.12) | 0.23* |
| Birth head circumference, cm | 33.70 (29.00–38.50) | 34.00 (30.00–37.00) | 0.48† |
| Birth head circumference z-score | − 0.60 (− 4.92 to 3.09) | − 0.27 (− 3.96 to 2.75) | 0.24† |
| Head circumference at scan, cm | 34.00 (29.50–37.40) | 34.00 (28.50–37.50) | 0.35† |
| Head circumference at scan z-score | − 0.81 (− 4.60 to 2.15) | − 0.48 (− 5.61 to 2.70) | 0.30† |
| Mode of delivery, no. (%) | |||
| Spontaneous/induced vaginal delivery | 24 (38) | 58 (30) | 0.07# |
| Instrumental delivery | 11 (17) | 38 (20) | |
| Elective C-section | 7 (11) | 48 (25) | |
| Emergency C-section | 22 (34) | 48 (25) | |
| Cardiac diagnosis, no. (%) | |||
| Transposition of the great arteries | 29 (45) | – | – |
| Coarctation of the aorta | 15 (23) | – | – |
| Hypoplastic left heart syndrome | 3 (5) | – | – |
| Pulmonary atresia | 2 (3) | – | – |
| Tricuspid atresia | 2 (3) | – | – |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | 7 (11) | – | – |
| Pulmonary stenosis | 4 (6) | – | – |
| Truncus arteriosus | 1 (2) | – | – |
| Large ventricular septal defect | 1 (2) | – | – |
Values shown are median (range), except where indicated.
*Student’s t-test used.
†Mann–Whitney U test used.
#Chi-squared test used.