Figure 4.

EMBODY Step 2: decoding the internal focus of attention during breath-focused meditation using individualized brain patterns. Based on each participant’s unique brain signatures for Breath, MW, and Self, classifier decisions were made for each time point of fMRI data (TR = 1 s), producing a continuous estimate of attention states during a 10-min breath meditation. The middle of the meditation period is displayed for two meditators (A,B) and their matched controls (C,D). Mental events were quantified as three or more consecutive decisions from the same mental state (B) and were used to compute metrics of attention during meditation in Step 3. See “Materials and Methods” section and Supplementary Information (SI) p. 4 and Supplementary Table S4 for details and alternate data reduction of classifier evidence and decisions.