TABLE 4.

Muscle Strength, Power and Torque Outcomes

	n	Baseline	n	6 Weeks	n	12 Weeks
Force plate
Peak power (watts)
Healthy	23	1487.6 ± 811.1	19	1662.2 ± 848.6	19	1658.3 ± 888.9‡
HbSSa	20	1054.3 ± 477.8*	20	1066.3 ± 577.9**	20	1071.1 ± 537.2‡‡,***
Jump height (cm)
Healthy	23	28.0 ± 8.5	19	27.8 ± 7.6	19	27.7 ± 8.3
HbSS	20	25.2 ± 5.2	20	25.1 ± 5.5	20	25.6 ± 5.8
Biodex Ankle
Plantar flexion isometric MVC torques (Nm)
−10°
Healthy	21	53.6 ± 36.9	19	62.3 ± 44.2	18	64.6 ± 42.5
HbSS	21	44.7 ± 22.2	21	50.7 ± 33.1	20	52.5 ± 31.6‡‡
0°
Healthy	22	50.0 ± 31.0	20	52.0 ± 31.8	19	53.7 ± 28.9
HbSS	21	39.0 ± 20.0	21	43.3 ° 26.3	20	39.6 ± 21.6
10°
Healthy	23	42.2 ± 24.7	20	43.4 ± 24.5	19	44.1 ± 23.2
HbSS	21	27.3 ± 17.1*		34.1 ± 21.4	20	31.1 ± 17.0
20°
Healthy	23	33.5 ± 19.5	20	32.7 ± 17.4	19	35.5 ± 19.0
HbSS	21	21.2 ± 11.8*	21	23.6 ± 16.2	20	23.0 ± 13.5***
Dorsiflexion isometric MVC torques (Nm)
−10°
Healthy	21	12.5 ± 6.9 9.8 ± 5.7	19	13.6 ± 8.9	18	13.5 ± 9.1
HbSS	21	9.8 ± 5.7	21	9.8 ± 4.8	20	11.6 ± 6.7‡‡
0°
Healthy	22	15.7 ± 10.7	20	16.4 ± 11.1	19	17.0 ± 10.0
HbSS	21	12.3 ± 7.3	21	12.6 ± 7.9	20	14.5 ± 9.0‡‡
10°
Healthy	23	16.9 ± 12.1	20	19.8 ± 13.0	19	22.6 ± 17.5
HbSS	21	13.3 ± 8.3	21	15.4 ± 9.0	20	15.9 ± 9.9
20°
Healthy	23	18.1 ± 13.4	20	20.5 ± 12.4	19	21.6 ± 12.9‡
HbSS	21	14.9 ± 9.3	21	15.5 ± 8.6	20	17.3 ± 10.3‡‡
Biodex Knee
Extension peak torque (Nm) 60°/sec
Healthy	23	65.8 ± 44.1	20	69.0 ± 44.2	19	64.3 ± 42.8
HbSS	21	49.6 ± 27.6	21	47.8 ± 27.6	20	41.8 ± 21.1***
Flexion peak torque (Nm)
60°/sec
Healthy	23	25.5 ± 14.7	20	29.2 ± 19.2	19	29.8 ± 20.4
HbSS	21	22.4 ± 13.3	21	23.2 ± 11.7	20	21.7 ± 11.5
Handgrip
Dominate hand max (kg)
Healthy	23	22.7 ± 9.6	20	21.9 ± 9.9	19	24.1 ± 9.2
HbSS	21	15.6 ± 8.6*	21	16.2 ± 7.9**	20	16.5 ± 7.8***

^aHbSS, type SS sickle cell disease; MVC, maximal voluntary contraction.

^*P<0.05, HbSS vs. Healthy at baseline.

^**P<0.05, HbSS vs. Healthy at 6 Weeks.

^****P<0.05, HbSS vs. Healthy at 12 Weeks.

^‡P<0.05, 12 Weeks vs. Baseline in Healthy.

^‡‡P<0.05, 12 Weeks vs. Baseline in HbSS.