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. 2020 Aug 28;11:1998. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01998

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Copyright © 2020 Martins, Costa, Lima, Leitäo, Freire, Silva, Pacífico, Abreu and Brito.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Clostridioides difficile toxin A (TcdA) decreases β-catenin expression and its nuclear translocation in mouse ileum. (A) CTNNNB1 mRNA expression in the ileum of mice subjected to TcdA (10 μg)-induced ileitis as evaluated by qPCR. Bars represent the means ± SEM of five mice in each group; Student’s t-test. (B) The WB bands of each group showing β-catenin and B23 (a control protein) expression in the protein nuclear fraction in the ileum tissue. (C) Representative immunohistochemical images of β-catenin expression in mouse ileum control tissue and TcdA-treated ileal tissue.