Table 2.
Subject Characteristics
| Female | Male | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Younger | Older | Younger | Older | |
| N | 28 | 16 | 14 | 13 |
| SQAT samples | 8 | 9 | 7 | 6 |
| Age (years) ** | 40.0 ± 1.3 | 56.4 ± 2.2 | 37.9 ± 1.3 | 54.6 ± 1.6 |
| BMI (kg/m2) ‡ | 46.5 ± 1.1 | 43.6 ± 1.6 | 49.5 ± 1.8 | 51.9 ± 2.2 |
| Circulating Markers | ||||
| FSH (mIU/mL) ** | 7.0 ± 0.8 | 44.8 ± 5.1 | NA | NA |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.8 ± 0.2 | 6.2 ± 0.4 | 6.1 ± 0.4 | 6.5 ± 0.5 |
| Insulin (μU/L) | 22.6 ± 2.8 | 23.3 ± 4.8 | 27.3 ± 4.1 | 23.7 ± 1.8 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 160.4 ± 4.7 | 173.6 ± 15.0 | 160.2 ± 9.1 | 162.8 ± 9.4 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 87.9 ± 6.9 | 102.3 ± 12.9 | 104.4 ± 21.2 | 108.6 ± 8.7 |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 58.7 ± 2.1 | 62.8 ± 4.3 | 54.4 ± 2.7 | 56.5 ± 3.4 |
| FFA (mmol/L) † | 1.08 ± 0.05 | 1.11 ± 0.07 | 0.92 ± 0.06 | 0.97 ± 0.05 |
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 5.5 ±0.8 | 6.2 ± 0.7 | 6.2 ±0.7 |
| Insulin Resistance Indexes | ||||
| HOMA-IR | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 7.1 ± 1.8 | 8.1 ± 1.7 | 7.0 ± 0.8 |
| Adipo-IR | 164 ± 22 | 198 ± 56 | 178 ± 35 | 162 ±16 |
| Adipose Tissue Cell Size (μm2) | ||||
| OMAT † | 4693 ± 590 | 5044 ± 1003 | 6605 ± 695 | 6159 ± 362 |
| SQAT | 7064 ± 400 | 7307 ± 1048 | 7047 ± 732 | 6009 ± 737 |
Values are means ± SEM. BMI, body mass index; OMAT, omental adipose tissue; SQAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HDL-c, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; FFA, free fatty acids; Adipo-IR, adipose tissue insulin resistance (FFA (mmol/L)
*
Insulin (pmol/L)); FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone.
**
P<0.01 by age;
†
P<0.05 by sex;
‡
P<0.01 by sex