Table.
Trophic and Wound Healing Factors
| Factor | Source | Function/Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) | Lacrimal glands | Mitogen (van Setten and Schultz, 1994; van Setten et al., 1996) |
| Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) | Lacrimal glands, surface epithelium | Inhibits corneal epithelial proliferation, profibrotic (Gupta et al., 1996; Tuominen et al., 2001; Vesaluoma and Tervo, 1998; Yoshino et al., 1996) |
| Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) | Conjunctival goblet cells | Suppresses antigen presenting cell maturation (Contreras-Ruiz and Masli, 2015; Kokawa et al., 1996; Pflugfelder et al., 1997) |
| Epidermal growth factor (EGF) | Lacrimal glands | Stimulates corneal epithelial proliferation and migration (Dartt, 2001; Pflugfelder et al., 1999; van Setten et al., 1989) |
| Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) | Fibroblasts, Lacrimal glands | Stimulates corneal epithelial proliferation and migration, promotes wound healing (Li and Tseng, 1995; Li et al., 1996; Vesaluoma and Tervo, 1998; Wilson et al., 1999a; Wilson et al., 1999b) |
| Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) | Fibroblasts, Lacrimal glands | Stimulates corneal epithelial proliferation (Li and Tseng, 1995; Wilson et al., 1999a; Wilson et al., 1999b) |
| Basic Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) | Corneal epithelium | Mitogenic, angiogenic and neurotrophic (Sekiyama et al., 2006; van Setten, 1996) |
| Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF BB) | Fibroblast proliferation and migration (Tuominen et al., 2001; Vesaluoma et al., 1997a; Vesaluoma and Tervo, 1998) | |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) | Ocular surface epithelium | Angiogenic (Enriquez-de-Salamanca et al., 2010; Vesaluoma et al., 1997b) |
| Insulin/IGF | Lacrimal glands | Stimulates corneal epithelial proliferation (Patel et al., 2018; Rocha et al., 2002) |
| Substance P | Nerves | Stimulates epithelial growth, wound healing (Fujishima et al., 1997; Varnell et al., 1997; Yamada et al., 2003) |