Table 3. Propensity-score matched Univariate Associations with Stroke.
| Variable | Hazard Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.32 | 1.02 – 1.70 | 0.03 |
| Men | 0.57 | 0.44 – 0.74 | <.001 |
| Age | 1.04 | 1.03 – 1.06 | <.001 |
| Body mass index | 0.97 | 0.95 – 0.99 | 0.001 |
| Systolic Blood pressure | 1.01 | 1.00 – 1.02 | <.001 |
| Diastolic Blood pressure | 0.99 | 0.99 – 1.01 | 0.564 |
| Mean arterial pressure | 1.01 | 0.99 – 1.01 | 0.18 |
| Hypertension | 2.25 | 1.31 – 3.87 | 0.003 |
| Dyslipidemia | 0.93 | 0.69 – 1.25 | 0.62 |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 1.06 | 0.82 – 1.37 | 0.65 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.22 | 0.91 – 1.63 | 0.18 |
| Cardiomyopathy (Ischemic, idiopathic, hypertrophic, dilated, tachycardia-induced) | 0.66 | 0.42 – 1.03 | 0.07 |
| Previous valve surgery | 1.95 | 0.94 – 4.08 | 0.07 |
| Prior Stroke or TIA | 2.00 | 1.49 – 2.68 | <.001 |
| Prior GI bleeding | 0.94 | 0.65 – 1.36 | 0.74 |
| Peripheral Arterial Disease | 1.28 | 0.96 – 1.71 | 0.09 |
| Smoker (past or present) | 0.81 | 0.61 – 1.09 | 0.16 |
| Chronic lung disease | 0.96 | 0.73 – 1.26 | 0.75 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 0.85 | 0.64 – 1.13 | 0.25 |
| Chronic Renal Disease | 1.13 | 0.86 – 1.48 | 0.38 |
| Dialysis | 0.67 | 0.21 – 2.11 | 0.50 |
| Thyroid disease | 1.25 | 0.90 – 1.75 | 0.18 |
| Malignancy | 1.02 | 0.78 – 1.34 | 0.87 |
| Insulin | 1.14 | 0.81 – 1.60 | 0.44 |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 1.02 | 0.77 – 1.36 | 0.86 |
| Statins | 0.88 | 0.67 – 1.15 | 0.34 |
| Oral Anticoagulation (Warfarin or NOAC) | 1.01 | 0.78 – 1.32 | 0.93 |
| beta-Blocker | 1.08 | 0.78 – 1.49 | 0.63 |
| Calcium Channel-blocker | 1.29 | 1.00 – 1.67 | 0.05 |
| Digoxin | 1.06 | 0.80 – 1.40 | 0.70 |
| ACE-I or ARB | 1.15 | 0.85 – 1.54 | 0.36 |
| Diuretics | 1.46 | 1.05 – 2.02 | 0.02 |
| Antiplatelets | 1.40 | 1.08 – 1.83 | 0.01 |
| Antiarrhythmics | 0.96 | 0.70 – 1.32 | 0.83 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 1.20 | 1.13 – 1.28 | <.001 |
| White blood cell count | 0.98 | 0.95 – 1.02 | 0.35 |
| Creatinine | 0.92 | 0.75 – 1.12 | 0.39 |
| Glomerular filtration rate | 1.00 | 0.99 – 1.01 | 0.73 |
| Thyroid stimulating hormone | 0.97 | 0.92 – 1.02 | 0.27 |
| Cardiac index | 0.97 | 0.79 – 1.18 | 0.74 |
| LA volume index | 1.01 | 0.99 – 1.02 | 0.07 |
| E/e’ ratio | 1.05 | 1.03 – 1.06 | <.001 |
| RV systolic pressure | 1.02 | 1.01 – 1.03 | 0.002 |
| Right atrial pressure | 1.05 | 1.01 – 1.08 | 0.005 |
| LV ejection fraction | 1.00 | 0.99 – 1.01 | 0.98 |
| HbA1c | 1.04 | 0.96 – 1.13 | 0.34 |
Abbreviations: LA: left atrial; LV: left ventricle; RV: right ventricle