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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2020 Jul 2;40(9):2279–2292. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.314491

Figure 2. Colonization with a gut microbiota or monocolonization with Escherichia coli augments leukocyte adhesion to the ischemia-reperfusion injured endothelium of mesenteric venules.

Figure 2.

(A) Number of adhering leukocytes in mesenteric venules of germ-free (GF) and conventional-derived (CONV-D) mice (5 vs 4 mice/group) pre-ischemia and one hour post-ischemia; adhering leukocytes were stained with acridine orange. For WT GF male mice and WT CONV-D male and female mice were used. (B) Number of adhering leukocytes pre-ischemia and post-ischemia in conventionally raised (CONV-R) controls and CONV-R antibiotic (Abx)-treated mice (13 vs 9 mice/group); adhering leukocytes were stained with acridine orange. For WT CONV-R and CONV-R (Abx)-treated male and female mice were used. (C) Number of adhering leukocytes pre-ischemia and post-ischemia in GF and GF monocolonized with E. coli JP313 mice (5 vs 5 mice/group); adhering leukocytes were stained with acridine orange. For GF male mice and for GF monocolonized with E. coli JP313 male and female mice were used. Results are shown as means ± s.e.m. Scale bar: 50 μm or 100 μm. Statistical comparisons were performed using the independent samples Studentś t-test (*) or the Mann-Whitney test (#), */#p<0.05, **/##p<0.01, ***/### p<0.001.