Table 2.

Association between specificity and PPV by study.

Author (year)	Data as observed in publication							Adjusted Malignancy Prevalence of 5%		Adjusted Malignancy Prevalence of 1 %		Adjusted Malignancy Prevalence of 0.1%
	Number of Readers	Average Sensitivity (SD)	Average Specificity (SD)	Average Malignancy Prevalence	Positive Predictive Value	Slope Coefficient* (95% CI)	p-value	Slope Coefficient** (95% CI)	p-value	Slope Coefficient** (95% CI)	p-value	Slope Coefficient** (95% CI)	p-value
Monheit (2011)	39 Dermatologists	0.78 (0.13)	0.43 (0.18)	0.50	0.58	2.67 (2.06, 3.29)	<0.001	9.18 (6.86,11.51)	<0.001	41.94 (31.18,52.70)	<0.001	410.92 (305.13,516.71)	<0.001
Ferris (2015)	12 Dermatologists 10 Residents† 8 Physician Assistants	0.71 (0.15)	0.58 (0.18)	0.38	0.53	2.31 (1.84,2.78)	<0.001	6.56 (5.05,8.08)	<0.001	28.75 (21.91,35.60)	<0.001	278.8 (211.95,345.71)	<0.001
Marchetti (2018)	8 Dermatologists	0.82 (0.11)	0.60 (0.13)	0.51	0.69	1.65 (0.43,2.88)	0.016	6.42 (3.25,9.59)	0.003	28.52 (14.12,42.91)	0.003	277.54 (136.71,418.36)	0.003
Marchetti (2019)	8 Dermatologists 9 Residents	0.65 (0.17)	0.75 (0.09)	0.33	0.57	1.11 (0.56, 1.67)	0.001	2.64 (1.26,4.01)	0.001	11.11 (5.23, 16.99)	0.001	106.72 (50.04, 163.41)	0.001
Tschandl (2019)	283 Dermatologists 118 Residents 83 General Practitioners 27 Not Specified	0.76 (0.13)	0.78 (0.11)	0.36	0.67	0.64 (0.59, 0.69)	<0.001	1.02 (0.96, 1.08)	<0.001	3.09 (2.86,3.31)	<0.001	26.40 (24.37, 28.42)	<0.001

^*Slope coefficient for the association between specificity and positive predictive value based on the malignancy prevalence observed in the publication

^**Slope coefficient for the association between specificity and positive predictive value based on an adjusted malignancy prevalence

^†Unable to extract data from 1 reader

CI = confidence interval; SD = standard deviation