TABLE 3.
Associations of tea and coffee caffeine with offspring overweight status and central obesity at 5 and 9 y1
| Overweight/obesity (IOTF) | Central obesity (WC >90th percentile) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year 5 (n = 558) | Year 9 (n = 283) | Year 5 (n = 557) | Year 9 (n = 269) | |
| Total caffeine intake (per 100 mg/d increment) | 1.32 (1.11, 1.57)** | 1.44 (1.10, 1.88)** | 1.28 (1.02, 1.60)* | 1.62 (1.12, 2.34)* |
| <50 mg/d | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 50 to <100 mg/d | 0.87 (0.49, 1.54) | 1.01 (0.39, 2.66) | 1.14 (0.49, 2.62) | 0.76 (0.15, 3.84) |
| 100 to <200 mg/d | 1.13 (0.64, 1.97) | 1.29 (0.53, 3.15) | 0.91 (0.38, 2.16) | 1.24 (0.31, 5.05) |
| ≥200 mg/d | 1.83 (0.95, 3.52)T1 | 2.76 (0.99, 7.66)T2 | 1.86 (0.74, 4.70) | 3.22 (0.68, 15.25) |
| P-trend | 0.05 | 0.042 | 0.35 | 0.08 |
| Caffeine from coffee | — | — | — | — |
| 0 mg/d | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| <200 mg/d | 0.86 (0.56, 1.34) | 1.05 (0.53, 2.07) | 0.95 (0.49, 1.82) | 1.98 (0.68, 5.70) |
| ≥200 mg/d | 1.93 (1.06, 3.52) | 2.81 (1.14, 6.90)* | 1.93 (0.84, 4.44) | 4.57 (1.14, 18.24)* |
| P-trend | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.26 | 0.046 |
| Caffeine from tea | — | — | — | — |
| <50 mg/d | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 50 to <100 mg/d | 0.97 (0.61, 1.52) | 0.76 (0.36, 1.60) | 1.27 (0.64, 2.50) | 0.55 (0.16, 1.90) |
| ≥100 mg/d | 1.31 (0.78, 2.21) | 1.61 (0.74, 3.50) | 1.47 (0.67, 3.21) | 1.84 (0.58, 5.83) |
| P-trend | 0.46 | 0.27 | 0.41 | 0.21 |
IOTF, International Obesity Task Force; WC, waist circumference.
1Values are OR (95% CI) from logistic regressions. Regressions were adjusted for maternal socio-economic status, education attainment, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption during periconceptional period, age at recruitment, parity, prepregnancy BMI; regressions for different caffeine sources were additionally mutually adjusted for each other; the outcomes were intrinsically adjusted for child gender and age at measurement.
T1 P = 0.07, T2P = 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.