Table 2.
Biochemical characteristics of study subjects
| Parameter | Normoalbuminuria | Microalbuminuria | Overt nephropathy | p value# |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 174 | 67 | 27 | |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 139.8±37.1 | 148.2±48.6 | 143.7±42.6 | 0.353 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.2±1.2 | 7.6±1.3 | 7.7±1.4 | 0.028 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 172.3±27.8 | 177.8±28.5 | 192.7±63.0 | 0.010 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 88.0 (63.0-125.3) | 116.0 (79.0-153.0) | 111.0 (82.0-182.0) | 0.076 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 58.9±16.6 | 53.8±12.7 | 55.2±14.8 | 0.057 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 84.4±22.9 | 93.4±24.6 | 102.8±52.5 | 0.002 |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | 5.0±1.8 | 5.6±1.8 | 6.6±1.5 | <0.0001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.9±0.2 | 1.0±0.3 | 1.6±0.9 | <0.0001 |
| Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 82.8±19.9 | 72.7±18.9 | 52.7±27.3 | <0.0001 |
| UACR (mg/g) | 5.1 (1.6-13.4) | 63.3 (42.9-97.7) | 799.4 (432.8-1114.6) | <0.0001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.3±1.5 | 12.9±1.8 | 11.9±1.9 | 0.0003 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 4.4±0.3 | 4.4±0.3 | 4.2±0.3 | 0.0013 |
| White blood cell (109/l) | 6665±1700 | 7609±2079 | 7316±2057 | 0.0012 |
| Red blood cell (× 106/μl) |
467±58 | 470±78 | 424±87 | 0.0054 |
| Fatty acid-binding protein 1 (ng/ml) | 27.6 (20.8-39.6) | 32.6 (26.2-46.6) | 50.5 (31.1-80.7) | 0.001 |
| Fatty acid-binding protein 2 (ng/ml) | 1.8 (1.2-2.4) | 2.0 (1.4-3.0) | 3.1 (1.8-4.1) | <0.0001 |
Data are mean ± SD, frequency (percent), or median (interquartile range). HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; GFR, glomerular filtration rate, UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. #p values were calculated by one-way ANOVA test followed by the Tukey pairwise comparison.