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. 2020 Sep 10;6:84. doi: 10.1038/s41420-020-00318-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Neutrophils were purified from peripheral blood of HCs (n = 10), diabetes (n = 12), and DFU patients (n = 12) under spontaneous NETosis without FBS cultivation; and visualization of NETs with citrullinated histone H3 (CitrH3), MPO, and DNA. Three colors were merged by software Image J (NIH), original magnification ×200. b NET% was calculated in neutrophils from HCs, diabetic, and DFU patients (NET% = positive enlarged nuclei/total neutrophils per field, and the average of NET release ratio was evaluated >500 cells in more than five fields per sample were counted. c–f Serum neutrophil elstase c, proteinase 3 d, IL-18 e, and IL-1β f concentration in HCs (n = 30), diabetes (n = 33), and DFU patients (n = 25) were detected with ELISA. For all experiments, data are presented as mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns = not significant.