Table 3.

Baseline and changes in the gene expression signature score calculated based on a smoking-associated gene expression signature derived from nasal and bronchial brushings by Zhang (18).

	Overall	Intermittent ASA	Continuous ASA	P1
All participants
Baseline	0.53±4.29; N=37	−1.13±2.89; N=15	1.66±4.76; N=22	0.05
Change at End of Intervention from Baseline	−0.14±4.31; N=36 (p=0.85)	1.39±4.41; N=14 (p=0.26)	−1.11±4.05 (p=0.21)	0.04
Change at one-week post agent from Baseline	−1.21±3.48; N=35 (p<0.05)	−0.10±3.38; N=14 (p=0.91)	−1.95±3.42; N=21 (p=0.02)	0.06
Change at one-week post agent from End of Intervention	−1.33±4.42; N=34 (p=0.09)	−1.42±4.80; N=13 (p=0.31)	−1.28±4.28; N=21 (p=0.19)	0.53
Male	N=21	N=10	N=11
Baseline	−0.12±4.26; N=19	−1.37±3.79; N=8	0.80±4.53	0.29
Change at End-of-Intervention from Baseline	0.45±5.04; N=18 (p=0.71)	2.05±6.22; N=7 (p=0.42)	−0.57±4.13 (p=0.66)	0.15
Change at one-week post agent from Baseline	−0.58±4.08; N=17 (p=0.57)	0.61±4.35; N=7 (p=0.72)	−1.41±3.89; N=10 (p=0.28)	0.17
Change at one-week post agent from End-of-Intervention	−1.60±4.92; N=16 (p=0.21)	−1.26±6.76; N=6 (p=0.67)	−1.80±3.85; N=10 (p=0.17)	0.42
Female	N=19	N=8	N=11
Baseline	1.20±4.33; N=18	−0.85±1.61; N=7	2.51±5.05	0.06
Change at End-of-Intervention from Baseline	−0.72±3.48; N=18 (p=0.39)	0.74±1.54; N=7 (p=0.25)	−1.65±4.08 (p=0.21)	0.05
Change at one-week post agent from Baseline	−1.81±2.78; N=18 (p=0.01)	−0.81±2.17; N=7 (p=0.36)	−2.45±3.03 (p=0.02)	0.12
Change at one-week post agent from End-of-Intervention	−1.09±4.04; N=18 (p=0.27)	−1.55±2.82; N=7 (p=0.20)	−0.80±4.77 (p=0.59)	0.64

¹a two-sided two-sample t test was used to compare baseline values between treatment arms; a one- sided two-sample t test (non-inferiority test) was used to determine whether the changes in the intermittent arm were not inferior to the continuous arm.

²derived from two-sided paired t test