Table 3. Summary of pH and ζ-potential values and particle size of AuNPs.

Ligands	G6		G7		G8		CGN a
Ligands pH	7.11	10.75	7.29	10.74	7.34	10.78	—
AuNPs pH	8.42	8.18	8.89	7.94	8.81	8.73	—
ξ-Potential/mV	–17.5	–23.7	–16.9	–23.4	—	–22.2	–37.5
Particle size/nm	14.3 ± 1	14.3 ± 1	14.4 ± 4	14.5 ± 1	—	14.6 ± 2	14.0
λ max./m	535	522	523	522	—	521	519

^aCitrate-capped gold nanoparticles.