Table 1.

Adolescents’ emotional resilience questionnaire (in Chinese).

1. When I’m in a bad mood, I can think of something happy.

2. Criticism from others will make me sad for a long time.

3. No matter what difficulties I meet, I can keep a good mood.

4. My mood is not easily disturbed by the outside world.

5. Unhappy things will make me upset for a long time.

6. I can adjust my negative emotions in a short time.

7. Unpleasant events during the day often keep me awake at night.

8. In the face of stress or frustration, I can find my own comfort.

9. No matter how bad I feel, I can always look on the bright side.

10. I feel bad when people misunderstand me.

11. It is hard for me to calm down after an argument.

The ability to generate positive emotions: 1, 3, 4, 8, 9. The ability to recover from negative emotional experiences: 2*, 5*, 6, 7*, 10*, 11* (* reverse scoring).