Table 1.

Characteristics of the study sample, adolescents in rural California, USA, 2019–2020 (N=1052)

Characteristics	Overall a (N=1052) %	E-cigarette sample (N=495) %	Moist snuff sample (N=508) %	Excluded b (N=49) %	p c
Grade in school					0.78
Ninth	56.9	58.1	55.8	56.5
Tenth	43.1	41.9	44.2	43.5
Gender					0.90
Female	53.4	53.5	53.4	51.0
Male	45.2	44.8	45.5	46.9
Other/decline	1.3	1.6	1.0	2.0
Race/ethnicity					0.002d
Hispanic/Latinx	53.1	51.1	56.3	40.8
Non-Hispanic White	34.1	36.2	32.7	28.6
Other/unknown	12.7	12.7	11.0	30.6
National School Lunch Program					0.88
Free/reduced-price	54.2	52.9	55.4	55.3
Full price	31.7	32.2	31.0	34.0
Don't know	14.1	14.9	13.5	10.6
Substance ever use
E-cigarettes	36.9	38.0	36.0	34.7	0.77
Smokeless tobaccoe	7.9	7.1	8.7	8.2	0.64
Any tobaccof	41.2	41.8	41.0	36.7	0.78
Cannabis	33.6	33.7	33.9	28.6	0.75
Substance past 30-day use
E-cigarettes	18.1	18.4	18.5	10.2	0.34
Smokeless tobaccoe	1.9	1.8	1.8	4.1	0.52
Any tobaccof	20.0	19.8	20.7	14.3	0.56
Cannabis	18.1	17.2	19.1	16.3	0.69

^aIncludes all participants at the 7 schools where discrete choice questions were posed. Number of observations may be less than the total for some variables due to missing data.

^bDid not complete any discrete choice items (n=5) or provided same response on every item (‘straight-line’ pattern).

^cChi-squared test for global difference over three groups (e-cigarette sample, moist snuff sample, excluded).

^dPairwise chi-squared tests comparing e-cigarette sample versus moist snuff sample (p=0.25).

^eIncludes moist snuff, chewing tobacco, or snus.

^fInclude e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, cigarettes, cigars, or hookah.