Table 2. Transmission and mortality of emerging/re-emerging viruses including SARS-CoV-2.

Virus	Tropism for organs	Mode of transmission	Case mortality (%)	Reference
Lassa virus	Vascular system	Contact, aerosols/droplets	15–20	St. Georgiev (2009), Cieslak et al. (2019)
SFTSV	Vascular system	Vector (tick)	12–30	Xing et al. (2016), Zhan et al. (2017)
Hantaan virus	Lower respiratory, renal	Contact, aerosols/droplets	1–15	Nolte et al. (1995), St. Georgiev (2009), Krüger, Schönrich & Klempa (2011), Jiang et al. (2016)
MERS-CoV	Lower respiratory, GI	Contact, aerosols/droplets	34–36	Cieslak et al. (2019), Weber et al. (2019), Paules, Marston & Fauci (2020), Van Doremalen, Bushmaker & Munster (2013)
SARS-CoV	Lower respiratory	Contact, aerosols/droplets	15 ± 11	Chan et al. (2011), Cieslak et al. (2019)
SARS-CoV-2	Lower respiratory, GI	Contact, aerosols/droplets	4	World Health Organization (2020c), Morawska et al. (2020), Zhang et al. (2020)
Ebola virus	Vascular system	Contact, aerosols/droplets	41	Fischer et al. (2015), Cieslak et al. (2019), Weber et al. (2019)
Influenza H5N1	Upper respiratory	Contact, aerosols/droplets	>60	United States Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (2015), Cieslak et al. (2019)
Nipah virus	CNS, respiratory	Contact, ingestion	65 ± 28	Ang, Lim & Wang (2018), Hassan et al. (2018)
EV-D68	Respiratory, CNS	Aerosols/droplets, contact	Up to 10	Oermann et al. (2015), Cassidy et al. (2018)

Notes:

“Contact” refers to contact with bodily fluids or with fomites; “aerosols/droplets” equates to respiratory aerosols/large or small droplets.

CNS, central nervous system; GI, gastrointestinal.