Table S1.
Associations of race and Latinx subgroup composition with COVID-19 cases in counties adjusting all risk factors combined, by region (full results)
| Variable | Northeast |
Midwest |
South |
West |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | |
| Percentage of Blacks | 1.016∗ [1.000, 1.033] | 1.057∗∗∗ [1.027, 1.089] | 1.026∗∗∗ [1.020, 1.032] | 1.060∗ [1.002, 1.120] |
| Percentage of Asians | 0.974 [0.949, 1.001] | 0.931 [0.843, 1.028] | 0.966 [0.917, 1.018] | 0.963 [0.927, 1.000] |
| Percentage of Mexicans | 1.032 [0.974, 1.093] | 1.016 [0.993, 1.039] | 0.985 [0.968, 1.001] | 1.008 [0.978, 1.039] |
| Percentage of Puerto Ricans | 1.067∗∗∗ [1.030, 1.106] | 1.207∗ [1.032, 1.412] | 0.958∗ [0.918, 1.000] | 0.877 [0.539, 1.426] |
| Percentage of Cubans | 0.882 [0.763, 1.019] | 1.213 [0.894, 1.647] | 0.957 [0.914, 1.001] | 0.567 [0.185, 1.743] |
| Percentage of Central Americans | 1.130∗∗ [1.038, 1.231] | 1.194∗ [1.014, 1.405] | 1.098∗∗ [1.035, 1.165] | 0.961 [0.811, 1.139] |
| Percentage of South Americans | 1.005 [0.916, 1.102] | 0.670∗∗∗ [0.536, 0.836] | 0.885 [0.779, 1.004] | 1.367 [0.800, 2.338] |
| Percentage of Other Latinx-origin | 1.031 [0.990, 1.073] | 0.760∗∗ [0.621, 0.930] | 1.059 [0.922, 1.217] | 0.995 [0.962, 1.029] |
| Percentage of Foreign born | 1.015 [0.975, 1.057] | 1.119∗ [1.023, 1.222] | 1.062∗∗ [1.024, 1.101] | 1.050 [0.993, 1.109] |
| Days since the first case | 1.146∗∗∗ [1.088, 1.207] | 1.074∗∗∗ [1.047, 1.102] | 1.092∗∗∗ [1.068, 1.117] | 1.068∗∗∗ [1.045, 1.091] |
| Days since the first case squared | 0.999∗∗∗ [0.999, 1.000] | 0.999∗∗∗ [0.999, 1.000] | 0.999∗∗∗ [0.999, 1.000] | 1.000∗∗∗ [1.000, 1.000] |
| Population density (log) | 1.151 [0.943, 1.406] | 0.952 [0.747, 1.212] | 0.878∗ [0.786, 0.980] | 0.942 [0.879, 1.010] |
| Percentage of age 19–64 | 1.029 [0.987, 1.073] | 0.972 [0.919, 1.027] | 0.957 [0.904, 1.012] | 0.990 [0.950, 1.032] |
| Percentage of age 65 and over | 1.069∗ [1.012, 1.129] | 0.956 [0.908, 1.006] | 0.979 [0.906, 1.057] | 1.005 [0.959, 1.053] |
| Percentage of females | 0.992 [0.953, 1.034] | 0.967 [0.850, 1.099] | 0.906∗∗ [0.853, 0.963] | 0.905∗ [0.829, 0.989] |
| Median household income (log) | 4.761∗∗∗ [2.242, 10.109] | 0.700 [0.223, 2.201] | 1.005 [0.457, 2.211] | 1.167 [0.331, 4.121] |
| Income Inequality (80/20 ratio) | 1.091 [0.900, 1.323] | 0.792∗∗∗ [0.707, 0.887] | 0.986 [0.842, 1.153] | 1.252 [0.943, 1.663] |
| Unemployment rate | 0.909 [0.814, 1.015] | 0.960 [0.906, 1.018] | 0.901∗∗ [0.847, 0.959] | 0.945 [0.872, 1.024] |
| White/nonwhite segregation | 1.004 [0.994, 1.014] | 1.003 [0.997, 1.010] | 1.006 [1.000, 1.012] | 1.016∗∗ [1.006, 1.026] |
| White/Black segregation | 1.003 [0.997, 1.008] | 1.001 [0.998, 1.004] | 0.996∗∗ [0.994, 0.999] | 1.001 [0.997, 1.006] |
| Chronic disease index | 1.428∗∗∗ [1.270, 1.606] | 0.998 [0.940, 1.058] | 1.091 [0.961, 1.240] | 0.899 [0.774, 1.043] |
| Average household size | 1.654 [0.960, 2.848] | 1.478 [0.768, 2.846] | 1.365 [0.367, 5.078] | 2.525∗ [1.075, 5.927] |
| Percentage of severe housing problems | 1.025∗∗∗ [1.013, 1.037] | 1.001 [0.967, 1.035] | 1.015 [0.986, 1.045] | 1.004 [0.952, 1.059] |
| Percentage of public transportation | 0.981∗∗∗ [0.971, 0.991] | 1.014 [0.904, 1.137] | 1.040∗∗∗ [1.017, 1.064] | 1.022 [0.987, 1.058] |
| Healthcare shortage | 0.843∗ [0.734, 0.967] | 0.941 [0.785, 1.127] | 0.989 [0.808, 1.210] | 1.162 [0.726, 1.859] |
| Percentage of uninsured | 0.966 [0.906, 1.030] | 0.977∗ [0.956, 0.998] | 1.021 [0.966, 1.079] | 1.022 [0.958, 1.090] |
| Constant | 0.000∗∗∗ [0.000, 0.000] | 0.590 [0.000, 39,212,668.926] | 0.131 [0.000, 453,208.228] | 0.000 [0.000, 946.336] |
| lnalpha | –1.276∗∗∗ [–1.653, –0.899] | –0.428∗∗∗ [–0.624, –0.232] | –0.408∗∗∗ [–0.650, –0.167] | –0.443∗∗ [–0.756, –0.131] |
| S.D.(constant) | 0.000 [0.000, 0.000] | 0.301∗ [0.136, 0.403] | 0.406∗∗∗ [0.270, 0.507] | 0.438∗ [0.058, 0.616] |
| N | 216 | 1055 | 1422 | 413 |
| AIC | 2862.844 | 9414.555 | 14,960.464 | 3692.637 |
∗P < .05; ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗P < .001.