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. 2020 Sep 11;53:56–62.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.016

Table S2.

Associations of racial-ethnic composition with COVID-19 deaths in counties adjusting for days since the first case, percentage of foreign born, and all risk factors combined

Variable Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
IRR (95% CI) IRR (95% CI) IRR (95% CI)
Percentage of Blacks 1.031∗∗∗ [1.023, 1.039] 1.030∗∗∗ [1.022, 1.038] 1.030∗∗∗ [1.022,1.038]
Percentage of Latinx 1.011 [0.998, 1.024] 0.987∗ [0.976, 0.998] 0.986∗ [0.974, 0.999]
Percentage of Asians 1.044∗∗ [1.010, 1.079] 0.959∗∗ [0.933, 0.986] 0.964∗ [0.929, 1.000]
Percentage of Foreign born 1.076∗∗∗ [1.047, 1.106] 1.079∗∗∗ [1.050, 1.108]
Days since the first case 1.089∗∗∗ [1.066, 1.113] 1.091∗∗∗ [1.068, 1.114] 1.096∗∗∗ [1.069, 1.123]
Days since the first case squared 1.000∗∗∗ [0.999, 1.000] 1.000∗∗∗ [0.999, 1.000] 1.000∗∗∗ [0.999, 1.000]
Population density (log) 0.953 [0.858, 1.058]
Percentage of age 19–64 0.977 [0.930, 1.026]
Percentage of age 65 and over 1.022 [0.972, 1.074]
Percentage of females 0.994 [0.949, 1.040]
Median household income (log) 1.030 [0.493, 2.148]
Income Inequality (80/20 ratio) 1.077 [0.938, 1.236]
Unemployment rate 0.978 [0.930, 1.029]
White/non-White segregation 1.012∗∗∗ [1.006, 1.018]
White/Black segregation 0.997∗∗ [0.994, 0.999]
Chronic disease index 1.107 [0.955, 1.285]
Average household size 1.622 [0.804, 3.270]
Percentage of severe housing problems 1.003 [0.973, 1.034]
Percentage of public transportation 1.014 [0.994, 1.035]
Healthcare shortage 0.783∗∗ [0.672, 0.912]
Percentage of uninsured 0.980 [0.951, 1.010]
Constant 0.000∗∗∗ [0.000, 0.000] 0.000∗∗∗ [0.000, 0.000] 0.000∗ [0.000, 0.149]
lnalpha 0.277∗∗∗ [0.130, 0.424] 0.255∗∗∗ [0.111, 0.399] 0.215∗∗ [0.064, 0.365]
S.D.(constant) 0.756∗∗∗ [0.578, 0.899] 0.730∗∗∗ [0.589, 0.848] 0.678∗∗∗ [0.520, 0.806]
N 3106 3106 3106
AIC 13,913.622 13,876.635 13,841.311

P < .05; ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗P < .001.