Table 6.
PLS Factor loadings (bolded) and cross loadings (n=377).
|
Items & Factors |
Perceived Crowding | Perceived Popularity | Retail Experiences | Internal Access | Outdoor Entertainment Experiences | External Access | Satisfaction | Word-of-Mouth | Willingness to Pay Price Premiums | Intention to Visit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perceived Crowding/Popularity | ||||||||||
| Perceived Crowding | ||||||||||
| Cronbach's Alpha =.91; CR=.93; AVE=.780 | ||||||||||
| The theme park seemed very crowded to me | 0.892 | 0.511 | 0.184 | 0.061 | 0.273 | 0.023 | 0.126 | 0.127 | 0.227 | 0.107 |
| The theme park was a little too busy | 0.905 | 0.483 | 0.188 | 0.079 | 0.286 | 0.025 | 0.161 | 0.111 | 0.212 | 0.106 |
| I could hardly move in the theme park | 0.853 | 0.256 | 0.109 | −0.086 | 0.204 | 0.042 | −0.093 | −0.139 | 0.284 | −0.047 |
| I felt cramped visiting this theme park | 0.883 | 0.333 | 0.109 | −0.036 | 0.192 | 0.032 | −0.038 | −0.09 | 0.223 | −0.01 |
| Perceived Popularity | ||||||||||
| Cronbach's Alpha =.90; CR=.94; AVE=.831 | ||||||||||
| This park is very popular | 0.423 | 0.917 | 0.378 | 0.293 | 0.379 | 0.022 | 0.457 | 0.425 | 0.195 | 0.367 |
| This park is highly visited | 0.449 | 0.906 | 0.359 | 0.27 | 0.412 | −0.005 | 0.391 | 0.392 | 0.229 | 0.32 |
| This park attracts many visitors | 0.411 | 0.912 | 0.381 | 0.286 | 0.345 | 0.069 | 0.379 | 0.382 | 0.211 | 0.359 |
| Theme Park Experience | ||||||||||
| Retail Experiences | ||||||||||
| Cronbach's Alpha =.77; CR=.85; AVE=.59 | ||||||||||
| Food and beverage services | 0.109 | 0.35 | 0.748 | 0.421 | 0.338 | 0.258 | 0.411 | 0.429 | 0.252 | 0.369 |
| Seating areas to consume food and beverage | 0.069 | 0.276 | 0.747 | 0.462 | 0.318 | 0.316 | 0.434 | 0.426 | 0.329 | 0.412 |
| Indoor shopping facilities | 0.156 | 0.327 | 0.804 | 0.326 | 0.498 | 0.219 | 0.428 | 0.392 | 0.366 | 0.333 |
| Outdoor shopping facilities | 0.206 | 0.297 | 0.766 | 0.28 | 0.493 | 0.203 | 0.413 | 0.378 | 0.421 | 0.389 |
| Internal Access | ||||||||||
| Cronbach's Alpha =.74; CR=.85; AVE=.656 | ||||||||||
| Security screening | 0.075 | 0.252 | 0.437 | 0.776 | 0.299 | 0.372 | 0.382 | 0.404 | 0.172 | 0.349 |
| Ease of navigation through the entrance and exit gates | 0.009 | 0.273 | 0.358 | 0.843 | 0.222 | 0.334 | 0.442 | 0.471 | 0.095 | 0.405 |
| Main walkway throughout the park | −0.027 | 0.229 | 0.396 | 0.809 | 0.334 | 0.268 | 0.461 | 0.486 | 0.192 | 0.383 |
| Outdoor Entertainment Experiences | ||||||||||
| Cronbach's Alpha =.68; CR=.86; AVE=.754 | ||||||||||
| Outdoor entertainment and shows | 0.196 | 0.37 | 0.512 | 0.373 | 0.895 | 0.137 | 0.473 | 0.447 | 0.283 | 0.411 |
| Nighttime spectacle (Fireworks, Laser shows) | 0.3 | 0.353 | 0.413 | 0.222 | 0.84 | 0.163 | 0.318 | 0.353 | 0.433 | 0.316 |
| External Access | ||||||||||
| Cronbach's Alpha =.65; CR=.85; AVE=.737 | ||||||||||
| Highway/road traffic to and from the theme park | 0.049 | 0.012 | 0.216 | 0.284 | 0.182 | 0.817 | 0.167 | 0.156 | 0.252 | 0.225 |
| Ease of parking | 0.013 | 0.039 | 0.33 | 0.387 | 0.121 | 0.898 | 0.222 | 0.219 | 0.19 | 0.259 |
| Satisfaction | ||||||||||
| Cronbach's Alpha =.80; CR=.88; AVE=.714 | ||||||||||
| The day that I visited this theme park was a really nice day. | 0.07 | 0.423 | 0.409 | 0.442 | 0.355 | 0.135 | 0.775 | 0.557 | 0.182 | 0.51 |
| I really like the trip to this theme park. | 0.08 | 0.369 | 0.484 | 0.42 | 0.417 | 0.244 | 0.863 | 0.694 | 0.361 | 0.597 |
| It was a wise choice to visit this theme park. | 0.027 | 0.361 | 0.495 | 0.487 | 0.399 | 0.195 | 0.893 | 0.712 | 0.358 | 0.64 |
| Word-of-Mouth (WOM) Intentions | ||||||||||
| Cronbach's Alpha =.86; CR=.92; AVE=.785 | ||||||||||
| I will say positive things about this theme park to other people. | 0.022 | 0.417 | 0.476 | 0.547 | 0.392 | 0.236 | 0.749 | 0.912 | 0.327 | 0.636 |
| I will share with my friends and relatives my experience of this theme park. | 0.026 | 0.391 | 0.448 | 0.479 | 0.43 | 0.149 | 0.653 | 0.869 | 0.3 | 0.586 |
| I will recommend this theme park to others. | 0.031 | 0.356 | 0.487 | 0.465 | 0.418 | 0.201 | 0.664 | 0.877 | 0.372 | 0.625 |
| Willingness to Pay Price Premiums | ||||||||||
| Cronbach's Alpha =.93; CR=.96; AVE=.880 | ||||||||||
| I am willing to pay a higher price for this theme park than for other theme parks. | 0.235 | 0.233 | 0.447 | 0.203 | 0.376 | 0.207 | 0.346 | 0.391 | 0.927 | 0.432 |
| I am willing to pay premium to visit this theme park again. | 0.231 | 0.229 | 0.431 | 0.193 | 0.393 | 0.274 | 0.372 | 0.376 | 0.955 | 0.465 |
| I am willing to pay a lot more to be able to visit this theme park than other theme parks. | 0.28 | 0.187 | 0.365 | 0.123 | 0.361 | 0.222 | 0.299 | 0.278 | 0.932 | 0.426 |
| Intention to Revisit | ||||||||||
| Cronbach's Alpha =.79; CR=.88; AVE=.706 | ||||||||||
| I will visit this theme park again. | 0.018 | 0.393 | 0.394 | 0.45 | 0.362 | 0.215 | 0.613 | 0.641 | 0.291 | 0.849 |
| I would like to visit this theme park frequently. | 0.091 | 0.188 | 0.427 | 0.307 | 0.323 | 0.238 | 0.494 | 0.52 | 0.54 | 0.791 |
| I will continue to visit this theme park in the future. | 0.049 | 0.359 | 0.42 | 0.413 | 0.377 | 0.262 | 0.626 | 0.584 | 0.389 | 0.878 |