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A and B, Comparison of root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and SD of the test (in-phone) and reference (Spot Vital Signs unit; Welch Allyn) measurement systems, for heart rate (A) and Spo2 (B), in the outpatient study (n = 250) and inpatient study (n = 70). The error bars correspond to 95% CIs. RMSD decomposes into SD and bias (see Methods, Equation 1). The reference system has no bias, by definition, and thus RMSD equals SD. See Figure 2 legend for expansion of abbreviation.
