Table 1.

Factors of students’ reflective writing

Score	1	2	3
Category	Introspection	Reflection	Critical reflection
Description	Fact reporting or vague impressions	Elaborated descriptive writing approach and impressions	Elaborated descriptive writing approach and impressions with further analysis or explanation
Presence	Sense of writer being partially present	Sense of writer being largely present	Sense of writer being fully present
Emotions	Recognition but no exploration of emotions	Recognition, exploration, and awareness of emotions	Awareness of emotions and gain of emotional insight
Conflict	Weak description of the disorienting dilemma	Clear description of the disorienting dilemma, conflict, challenge, or issue of concern	Full description of the disorienting dilemma, conflict, challenge, or issue of concern that includes multiple perspectives, exploring alternative explanations, and challenging assumptions
Meaning	Little or unclear meaning making	Clear meaning making	Comprehensive meaning making through the analysis of previous experience
Action	Weak intention to conduct the action	Clear intention to conduct the action	Clear intention to conduct the action with plans, strategies, or reasons