FIG 1.

In vitro binding of Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum to midgut epithelia of natural sand fly vectors. (A and B) binding of Le. major (A) and Le. infantum LLM-320 (B) parasites, harvested from 3-day-old cultures, to open midguts of Phlebotomus papatasi and Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies, respectively. n = 2. (C) Binding of Le. infantum parasites from cultures harvested at day 4 to unopened and opened Lu. longipalpis midguts. n = 2. Unopen midguts were intact; open midguts were cut longitudinally along the anterior-posterior axis. Unfed midguts were used. *, statistically significant at P < 0.05.