Table 3. Comparison of costs per year between treatment-resistant depression and non–treatment-resistant major depressive disorder patients (US$)^a.

Variable	Treatment-resistant depression	Non–treatment-resistant major depressive disorder	Treatment-resistant depression vs non–treatment-resistant major depressive disorder
			Adjusted mean difference	95% CI
Cost to payers
Medical cost in Year 1	9075	6125	2950	2051	3978
Medical cost in Year 2	8393	6621	1772	632	2958
Pharmacy cost in Year 1	2043	1507	535	300	789
Pharmacy cost in Year 2	2027	1664	362	58	720
Total cost to payers in Year 1	11014	7585	3430	2438	4478
Total cost to payers in Year 2	10175	7984	2191	1031	3453
Cost to patients
Medical cost in Year 1	1373	1019	444	347	556
Medical cost in Year 2	1207	1022	245	150	344
Prescription cost in Year 1	406	318	88	68	109
Prescription cost in Year 2	350	301	49	30	70
Total cost to patients in Year 1	1767	1323	354	260	457
Total cost to patients in Year 2	1499	1254	184	91	285
Total healthcare cost
Total healthcare cost in Year 1	12726	8881	3846	2855	4928
Total healthcare cost in Year 2	11591	9179	2412	1217	3713

CI, confidence interval.

^aMedical costs to payers included claims for outpatient visits, ED visits, and hospitalizations; pharmacy costs to payers were the sum of pharmacy claims; and total costs to payers were the sum of medical costs and pharmacy costs to payers. Medical costs to patients were defined as the sum of deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance for all medical services; prescription costs to patients were defined as the sum of deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance for all prescription drugs; and total costs to patients were the sum of medical costs and prescription costs to patients. Total healthcare costs were defined as the sum of costs to payers and patients.