Table 5. Factors significantly associated with pneumonia among children under five from multivariable logistic regression analysis in peri-urban areas of Dessie City, north-eastern Ethiopia, January—March 2019.

Variable	Pneumonia		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
	Yes	No
	n	n
Place of cooking
Living room	38	37	7.79(4.57–13.30)	6.23(1.80–21.68)
Kitchen	54	410	Ref	Ref
Type of fuel used for cooking
Domestic fuel (wood, charcoal/kerosene)	81	302	3.54(1.83–6.84)	3.95(1.47–10.62)
Electricity	11	145	Ref	Ref
Overcrowding status
Overcrowded	65	166	4.08(2.50–6.64)	3.37(1.56–7.27)
Not overcrowded	27	281	Ref	Ref
Child history of ARI
Yes	46	100	3.47(2.18–5.52)	6.12(2.77–13.53)
No	46	347	Ref	Ref
Family history of ARI
Yes	22	19	7.08(3.65–13.75)	4.69(1.67–13.12)
No	70	428	Ref	Ref
Nutritional status of child
Acute malnutrition	70	214	3.46(2.07–5.79)	2.43(1.18–5.04)
Normal	22	233	Ref	Ref

Ref, Reference category.

*Variables adjusted for the multivariable analysis were: Age of mother/caregiver (years); child age (months); child gender; religion; mother’s/caregiver’s education and occupation; father’s education and occupation; economic status (wealth index); house ownership; wall material; floor material; number of windows per house; cooking location; type of fuel used; location of child during cooking; family cigarette smoking; persons per room; overcrowding status; vitamin A supplementation; zinc supplementation; child PCV; vaccination status; breastfeeding for 6 months; parent history of ARI; child history of ARI, CHD (Congenital heart disease), HIV, TB and asthma, and nutritional status.