Table 2. Maternal medical and obstetrical characteristics of neonates with low birth weight and their mothers at NICU of public hospitals in Ethiopia.
| Variables | Category | Total (%) | Status of the newborn | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Died [n(%)] | Survived [n(%)] | ||||
| Gravidity | One | 74(34.3%) | 5(27.8%) | 69(34.8%) | 0.931 |
| 2–4 | 44(20.4%) | 6(33.3%) | 38(19.2%) | ||
| More than 4 | 98(45.4%) | 7(38.9%) | 91(46.0%) | ||
| Place of delivery | Health institution | 163(75.5%) | 6(33.3%) | 157(79.3%) | 0.721 |
| Home | 53(24.5%) | 12(66.7%) | 41(20.7%) | ||
| Birth attendant | Relatives | 27(12.5%) | 7(38.9%) | 20(10.1%) | 0.741 |
| TTBA | 26(12.0%) | 5(27.8%) | 21(10.6%) | ||
| HEW | 61(28.2%) | 4(22.2%) | 57(28.8%) | ||
| Health professionals | 102(47.2%) | 2(11.1%) | 100(50.5%) | ||
| Pregnancy induced hypertension | Yes | 57(26.4%) | 13(72.2%) | 44(22.2%) | 0.325 |
| No | 159(73.6%) | 5(27.8%) | 154(77.8%) | ||
| Bleeding during pregnancy | Yes | 55(25.5%) | 11(61.1%) | 44(22.2%) | 0.162 |
| No | 161(74.5%) | 7(38.9%) | 154(77.8%) | ||
| Maternal history of UTI/STI | Yes | 37(17.1%) | 11(61.1%) | 26(1.1%) | 0.610 |
| No | 179(82.9%) | 7(38.9%) | 172(86.9%) | ||
| Intra partum fever | Yes | 27(12.5%) | 9(50.0%) | 18(9.1%) | 0.412 |
| No | 189(87.5%) | 9(50.0%) | 180(90.9%) | ||
| History of infant death | Yes | 46(21.3%) | 10(55.6%) | 36(18.2%) | 0.014 |
| No | 170(78.7%) | 8(44.4%) | 162(81.1%) | ||
| Mode of delivery | Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 154(71.3%) | 9(50.0%) | 145(73.2%) | 0.404 |
| Assisted instrumental | 42(19.4%) | 8(44.4%) | 34(17.2%) | ||
| Cesarean section | 20(9.3%) | 1(5.6%) | 19(9.6%) | ||
| Gestational age | <37 weeks | 131(60.6%) | 10(55.6%) | 121(61.1%) | 0.143 |
| 37–41 weeks | 84(38.9%) | 7(38.9%) | 77(38.9%) | ||
| ≥42 weeks | 1(0.5%) | 1(5.6%) | 0(0.0%) | ||
| Maternal diagnosed HIV infection | Yes | 22(10.2%) | 10(55.6%) | 12(6.1%) | 0.0001 |
| No | 194(89.8%) | 8(44.4%) | 186(93.3%) | ||
| Maternal DM | Yes | 19(8.8%) | 13(72.2%) | 6(3.0%) | 0.0001 |
| No | 197(91.2%) | 5(27.8%) | 192(97.0%) | ||
| Maternal Iron deficiency anemia | Yes | 51(23.6%) | 14(77.8%) | 37(18.7%) | 0.0001 |
| No | 165(76.4%) | 4(22.2%) | 161(81.3%) | ||
UTI: Urinary tract infection, STI: Sexually transmitted infection, DM: Diabetes Mellitus, Gravidity: the total number of time that the women has been pregnant