Table 1. Characteristics of study in the baseline.
| Overall (n = 741,720) | With CKD (n = 185,430) | Without CKD (n = 556,290) | P | Standardized difference | Standardized mean difference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| Gender | 0.999 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||||
| Male | 402,880 | 54.32 | 100,720 | 54.32 | 302,160 | 54.32 | |||
| Female | 338,840 | 45.68 | 84,710 | 45.68 | 254,130 | 45.68 | |||
| Age (years) | 67.31 ± 13.55 | 67.30 ± 14.20 | 67.31 ± 13.33 | 0.783 | -1.995 | -0.363 | |||
| Age groups (yrs) | 0.999 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||||
| 18–29 | 10,226 | 1.38 | 2,559 | 1.38 | 7,667 | 1.38 | |||
| 30–39 | 24,428 | 3.29 | 6,107 | 3.29 | 18,321 | 3.29 | |||
| 40–49 | 63,152 | 8.51 | 15,788 | 8.51 | 47,364 | 8.51 | |||
| 50–59 | 111,160 | 14.99 | 27,790 | 14.99 | 83,370 | 14.99 | |||
| ≧60 | 532,744 | 71.83 | 133,186 | 71.83 | 399,558 | 71.83 | |||
| Insured premium (NT$) | <0.001*** | -0.032 | -0.002 | ||||||
| <18,000 | 732,832 | 98.80 | 183,435 | 98.92 | 549,397 | 98.75 | |||
| 18,000–34,999 | 7,780 | 1.05 | 1,788 | 0.96 | 5,992 | 1.08 | |||
| ≧35,000 | 1,158 | 0.16 | 207 | 0.11 | 951 | 0.17 | |||
| Comorbidities | |||||||||
| HTN | 156,363 | 21.08 | 42,234 | 22.78 | 114,129 | 20.52 | <0.001*** | 0.023 | 0.001 |
| T2DM | 144,996 | 19.55 | 63,178 | 34.07 | 81,818 | 14.71 | <0.001*** | 0.202 | 0.001 |
| HF | 38,776 | 5.23 | 21,441 | 11.56 | 17,335 | 3.12 | <0.001*** | 0.084 | 0.001 |
| Stroke | 69,462 | 9.36 | 13,180 | 7.11 | 56,282 | 10.12 | <0.001*** | -0.030 | -0.001 |
| COPD | 66,119 | 8.91 | 11,927 | 6.43 | 54,192 | 9.74 | <0.001*** | -0.003 | -0.001 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 41,886 | 5.65 | 10,910 | 5.88 | 30,976 | 5.57 | <0.001*** | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meniere's disease | 13,890 | 1.87 | 1,434 | 0.77 | 12,456 | 2.24 | <0.001*** | -0.015 | <0.001 |
| CCI_R | 1.24 ± 2.06 | 2.63 ± 1.61 | 0.77 ± 1.98 | <0.001*** | 1.942 | 0.005 | |||
| Medications | |||||||||
| Aminoglycoside | 4,585 | 0.62 | 600 | 0.32 | 3,985 | 0.72 | <0.001*** | -0.003 | -0.001 |
| Loop diuretics | 4,733 | 0.64 | 1,634 | 0.88 | 3,099 | 0.56 | <0.001*** | 0.004 | 0.001 |
P: Chi-square / Fisher exact test on category variables and t-test on continue variables.
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01
***P < 0.001. CKD: chronic kidney disease, HTN: hypertension, T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus, HF: heart failure, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.