Table 4. Summary of studies that additionally included CK-18 in multimarker model.

Author	Target condition and population	Scoring system	Ingredients	AUC
1. Anty 2010	NAFLD grading among morbidly obese	The Nice Model	Metabolic syndrome, ALT, CK-18	Training: 0.88 Validation: 0.83
2. Boursier 2018	Fibrotic NASH among NAFLD	MACK-3	HOMA, AST, CK-18	Validation: 0.85
3. Cao 2013	NASH among NAFLD		ALT, platelets, M30, and TG	0.92
4. Chuah 2019	Fibrotic NASH among NAFLD	MACK-3	HOMA, AST, CK-18	0.80
5. Ergelen 2015	Fibrosis among NAFLD		TE, M30	F ≥2: 0.89 F ≥3: 0.93
6. Grigorescu 2012	NASH among NAFLD		M65, IL-6 and adiponectin	0.90
7. Pirvulescu 2012	NASH (including borderline NASH) among morbidly obese patients	NASH-score	BMI, ALT, AST, ALP, HOMA-IR, M65, and adiponectin	0.96
8. Rosso 2016	Fibrosis among NAFLD		TE, M30	F ≥2: 0.84 F ≥3: 0.87
9. Tada 2018	NASH among NAFLD	FIC-22	FIB-4 and CK-18	0.82
10. Tamimi 2011	NASH among NAFLD		Soluble fas and CK-18	Training: 0.93 Validation 0.79
11. Yang 2015	NASH among NAFLD		M30†, FGF-21, IL-1Ra, PEDF, and OPG	Training NPV: 0.76 and PPV: 0.85 Validation NPV: 0.80 and PPV: 0.76
12. Younossi 2008	NASH among NAFLD		M30 and M65, adiponectin, resistin	Training: 0.91 Validation: 0.73
13. Younossi 2011	NASH among NAFLD	NAFLD diagnostic panel	Diabetes, gender, BMI, triglycerides, M30, and M65	NASH: 0.81

NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, CK-18: cytokeratin 18, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, TG: trigylceride, HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, TE: transient elastography, IL-6: interleukin 6, BMI: body max index, FGF-21: fibroblast growth factor 21, IL-1Ra: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, NPV: negative predictive value, PPV: positive predictive value, PEDF: pigment epithelium-derived factor, OPG: osteoprotegerin.

† Unit of measure for M30 is ng/L.