Table 6.
ABC gene polymorphisms with effects on drug PK, PD, and outcomes: frequencies in African populations
| Reference | N | Population | ABCB1 | ABCC1 | ABCG2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *6 (rs1045642) 3435C>T | *7 (rs2032582) |
*8 (rs1128503) 1236C>T |
rs3842 4036A>G |
rs3213619 −129T>C |
rs11642957 |
rs2231142 421C>A Q141K |
||||
| 2677G>T | 2677G>A | |||||||||
| 35 | 111 | Beninese | 0.14 | 0.009 | 0.0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 36 | 26 | Malawian | 0.21 | 0.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 8 | 57 | South African | 0.26 | 0.19 | — | 0.26 | 0.21 | — | — | — |
| 37 | 993 | South African | 0.12 | — | — | 0.09 | — | 0.16 | — | — |
| 38 | 103 | Zanzibari | 0.16 | 0.029 (T/A) | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 39 | 53 | South African; nevirapine‐associated hepatotoxicity | 0.106 | 0.094 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 108 | Healthy individuals | 0.194 | 0.107 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 40 | 109 | Xhosa | 0.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 67 | Cape Admixed | 0.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 60 | Yoruba | 0.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 89 | Luhya | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 143 | Maasai | 0.16 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 41 | 94 | South African | 0.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 31 | 121 | Ugandan | 0.048 | 0.037 | — | 0.119 | 0.168 | — | — | — |
| 33 | 197 | Ugandan | 0.114‒0.13 | — | — | — | 0.184—0.196 | — | — | — |
| 19 | 285 | Ethiopian | 0.22 | — | — | — | 0.145 | — | — | — |
| 209 | Tanzanian | 0.155 | — | — | — | 0.22 | — | — | — | |
| 34 | 112 | Xhosa | 0.0982 | 0.023 | 0.0089 | 0.1295 | — | 0.1875 | — | — |
| 70 | South African mixed ancestry | 0.2071 | 0.164 | 0.0143 | 0.2429 | — | 0.2429 | — | — | |
| 42 | 23 | Ugandan | 0.087 | 0.0217 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 45 | 719 | Ethiopian | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.18 | — |
| 43 | 172 | Ghanaian | 0.10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 32 | 282 | South African: | ||||||||
| 127 | Sotho/Tswana | 0.110 | 0.012 | 0.004 | 0.106 | 0.165 | — | — | — | |
| 107 | Xhosa | 0.210 | 0.098 | 0.005 | 0.178 | 0.224 | — | — | — | |
| 139 | Zulu | 0.140 | 0.022 | 0.000 | 0.119 | 0.209 | — | — | — | |
| 21 | 37 | Black African | 0.07 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 44 | 934 | Ghanaian (total) | 0.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.01 |
| 90 | Akwapim | 0.15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.01 | |
| 103 | Ashanti | 0.09 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.00 | |
| 183 | Ewe | 0.13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.01 | |
| 160 | Fante | 0.13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.00 | |
| 183 | Ga | 0.09 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.00 | |
| Unknown | Yoruba (Nigeria; HapMap) a | 0.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Unknown | Ghanaian | 0.17 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Unknown | Egyptian b | 0.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Unknown | Kenyan b | 0.17 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Unknown | Sudanese b | 0.27 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
ABC, adenosine triphosphate‒binding cassette; PD, pharmacodynamics, PK, pharmacokinetics.
a
Data are from individuals in the HapMap database.
b
Data cited in the reference as being from the Pharmacogenetics for Every Nation Initiative (numbers of individuals unknown).