. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 11.

Published in final edited form as: Soc Work Ment Health. 2012 Dec 18;11(1):1–15. doi: 10.1080/15332985.2012.718731

TABLE 3.

Descriptive Statistics and MANCOVA Evaluating Membership Empowerment Differences Between SHA-Participant Democracies and Board-Staff-Run Programs

Dependent variables	Independent variable	Mean	Std. deviation	n	MANCOVA: Tests of between subjects effects
Self-efficacy	SHA-Participant democracies	53.4	11.12	114	F = 5.59; df = 1; p = .019; Eta² = .03
	Board-staff-run program	45.0	17.52	50
	Total	50.8	13.89	164
Personal empowerment	SHA-Participant democracies	63.0	10.84	114	F = .02; df = 1; p = .895; Eta² = .000
	Board-staff-run program	64.4	10.21	50
	Total	63.4	10.64	164
Organizationally mediated empowerment	SHA-Participant democracies	3.1	2.79	114	F = 11.99; df = 1; p = .001; Eta² = .07
	Board-staff-run program	1.6	1.07	50
	Total	2.5	2.46	164
Extra-organizational empowerment	SHA-Participant democracies	.2	.51	114	F = 6.59; df = 1; p =.011; Eta² = .04
	Board-staff-run program	.0	.00	50
	Total	.1341	.43644	164