Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies

Study	Study design	Origin	Total number of patientsa	Ageb	Proportion of patients with hypertension (%)
Amaouche et al.c [35]	Retrospective, single centre	Brussels, Belgium	299	ACEI/ARB users = 70	42.1
				Non-ACEI/ARB users = 63 (Mean)
Chen C et al. [36]	Retrospective, single centre	Wuhan, China	1182	Hypertensive = 67	100
				Non-hypertensive = 54
Chen M et al.c [37]	Retrospective, single centre	Wuhan, China	123	Discharged patients = 53	33.3
				Death patients = 72
Chen Y et al. [38]	Retrospective, single centre	Wuhan, China	71	ACEI/ARB users = 68	100
				Non-ACEI/ARB users = 67
Feng Y et al. [39]	Retrospective, multicentre	China	113	All patients = 53	100
Feng Z et al.c [40]	Retrospective, multicentre	China	65	ACEI/ARB users = 57	14.5
				Non-ACEI/ARB users = 63
Gao et al. [41]	Retrospective, single centre	Wuhan, China	2877	Hypertensive = 64	29.5
				Non-hypertensive = 55 (Mean)
Guo et al. [42]	Retrospective, single centre	Wuhan, China	187	All patients = 59 (Mean)	32.6
Hu et al. [43]	Retrospective, multicentre	Zhejiang, China	149	ACEI/ARB users = 56	100
				Non-ACEI/ARB users = 58
Huang et al. [44]	Retrospective, single centre	Wuhan, China	50	ACEI/ARB users = 53	100
				Non-ACEI/ARB users = 68 (Mean)
Li J et al. [45]	Retrospective, single centre	Wuhan, China	362	ACEI/ARB users = 65	100
				Non-ACEI/ARB users = 67
Li X et al. [46]	Ambispective; single centre	Wuhan, China	548	All patients = 60	30.3
Liu et al.c [47]	Retrospective, multicentre	China	78	All patients = 65 (Mean)	100
Meng et al. [48]	Retrospective, single centre	Shenzhen, China	42	All patients = 65	100
Peng et al. [49]	Retrospective, single centre	Wuhan, China	112	All patients = 62	82.1
Tan et al. [50]	Retrospective, single centre	Wuhan, China	100	ACEI/ARB users = 67	100
				Non-ACEI/ARB users = 68
Xu et al. [51]	Retrospective, single centre	Wuhan, China	101	All patients = 65	100
Yan et al.c [52]	Retrospective, multicentre	Zhejiang, China	136	All patients = 49	100
Yang et al. [53]	Retrospective, single centre	Hubei, China	251	ACEI/ARB users = 65	50.2
				Non-ACEI/ARB users = 67
Yuan et al. [54]	Retrospective, multicentre	Wuhan, China	260	ACEI/ARB users = 67	100
				Non-ACEI/ARB users = 66
Zeng et al.c [55]	Retrospective, single centre	Wuhan, China	274	ACEI/ARB users = 64 Non-ACEI/ARB users = 69	27.4
Zhang et al. [56]	Retrospective, multicentre	Hubei, China	1128	ACEI/ARB users = 64 Non-ACEI/ARB users = 64	100
Zhou F et al. [57]	Retrospective, multicentre	Hubei, China	3572	N/A	N/A
Dauchet et al.c [60]	Retrospective, single centre	Lille, France	187	Outpatient = 50 Inpatient = 58 ICU = 61 (Mean)	N/A
Liabeuf et al. [61]	Prospective, single centre	Amiens, France	268	All patients = 73	56.7
Oussalah et al. [62]	Retrospective, single centre	Nancy, France	147	ACEI/ARB users = 70 Non-ACEI/ARB users = 63	49.6
Zhou J et al.c [63]	Retrospective, multicentre	Hong Kong	976	All patients = 34	11.1
Cannata et al. [64]	Retrospective, single centre	Lombardy, Italy	280	–	–
Conversano et al. [65]	Retrospective, single centre	Milan, Italy	191	Discharged patients = 60 Death patients = 75 (Mean)	50.2
Felice et al. [66]	Retrospective, single centre	Treviso, Italy	133	ACEI users = 73	100
				ARB users = 69 Non-ACEI/ARB users = 76 (Mean)
Ferrante et al. [67]	Retrospective, single centre	Milan, Italy	332	All patients = 67	54.1
Giacomelli et al. [68]	Prospective, single centre	Milan, Italy	233	All patients = 61	N/A
Grasselli et al. [69]	Retrospective, multicentre	Milan, Italy	3988	All patients = 63	41.2
Rossi et al. [70]	Prospective database	Reggio Emilia, Italy	2362	All patients = 63	18.1
Sardu et al. [71]	Prospective, multicentre	Naples, Italy	62	All patients = 58 (Mean)	100
Tedeschi et al. [72]	Retrospective, multicentre	Italy	311	All patients = 76	100
Ayed et al. [73]	Retrospective, single centre	Kuwait	103	All patients = 53	35.0
Dalan et al. [74]	Retrospective, single centre	Singapore	717	–	19.4
Choi et al. [75]	Retrospective database review	South Korea	1250	ACEI/ARB users = 65 Non-ACEI/ARB users = 68 (Mean)	100
Jung S et al. [76]	Retrospective database review	South Korea	5179	ACEI/ARB users = 63 Non-ACEI/ARB users = 42 (Mean)	22.3
Lee et al.c [77]	Retrospective database review	South Korea	8266	ACEI users = 69 ARB users = 64 Non-ACEI/ARB users = 42 (Mean)	19.0
Son et al. [78]	Retrospective database review	South Korea	102	All patients = 64 (Mean)	100
Amat-Santos et al. [79]	Randomized controlled trial	Spain	11	All patients = 86	54.5
López-Otero et al. [80]	Retrospective, single centre	A Coruña, Spain	965	All patients = 60 (Mean)	30.9
Selçuk et al. [81]	Retrospective, multicentre	Istanbul, Turkey	113	ACEI/ARB users = 67 Non-ACEI/ARB users = 58 (Mean)	100
Baker et al.c [82]	Retrospective, single centre	Newcastle, UK	311	All patients = 75	42.1
Argenziano et al. [83]	Retrospective database review	New York, USA	1000	All patients = 63	60.1
Chang et al. [84]	Retrospective, multicentre	Los Angeles, USA	177	All patients = 62 (Mean)	N/A
Chaudhri et al. [85]	Retrospective, single centre	New York, USA	300	ACEI/ARB users = 56 Non-ACEI/ARB users = 69 (Mean)	44.3
Imam et al. [86]	Retrospective, multicentre	Michigan, USA	1305	All patients = 61 (Mean)	56.2
Ip et al.c [87]	Retrospective, multicentre	New Jersey, USA	1129	–	100
Khera et al. [88]	Retrospective database review	USA	7933	ACEI users = 76 ARB users = 76 Non-ACEI/ARB users = 78	100
Lam et al. [89]	Retrospective, single centre	New York, USA	335	All patients = 68	100
Mehta et al. [90]	Retrospective database review	Ohio and Florida, USA	1735	ACEI/ARB users = 63 Non-ACEI/ARB users = 65 (Mean)	73.9
Richardson et al. [91]	Retrospective database review	New York, USA	1366	All patients = 63	100
Shah et al. [92]	Retrospective, multicentre	Georgia, USA	531	ACEI/ARB users = 64 Non-ACEI/ARB users = 58 (Mean)	80.0
Jung C et al. [93]	Prospective, multicentre	38 countries	324	All patients = 75	65.1

ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, N/A not available

^aThe total number of COVID-19 patients included in the analysis of mortality and/or severity of disease with the use of ACEIs/ARBs

^bMedian age unless otherwise stated

^cPreprint