Table 2.
Characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristic | N | Percentage or Mean/Median (SD [Range]) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 267 | 38.7/37.0 (12.0 [19–71]) |
| Sex | ||
| Male subjects | 121 | 43.7 |
| Female subjects | 156 | 56.3 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Black/non-Hispanic | 206 | 92.0 |
| Hispanic | 14 | 6.3 |
| Other | 4 | 1.7 |
| Household No. | 211 | 2.7/2.0 (1.9 [0–9]) |
| Insurance type | ||
| Medicaid | 53 | 23.6 |
| Other government program | 13 | 5.8 |
| Private/Medicare | 135 | 60.5 |
| No health coverage | 22 | 9.9 |
| Education | ||
| Some college and below | 130 | 58.0 |
| Bachelor’s/master’s degree | 80 | 35.7 |
| Professional/doctoral degree | 14 | 6.3 |
| Marital status | ||
| Married/living with partner | 68 | 24.4 |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 43 | 15.4 |
| Never married | 168 | 60.2 |
| Income, $ | ||
| <10,000–29,000 | 90 | 43.5 |
| 30,000–59,000 | 57 | 27.5 |
| 60,000–90,000 | 24 | 11.6 |
| >90,000 | 36 | 17.4 |
| Work status | ||
| Working currently | 96 | 42.7 |
| Retired/student/keeping house/temporarily not working | 42 | 18.7 |
| Unemployed, looking for work | 30 | 13.3 |
| Disabled | 55 | 24.4 |
| Other | 2 | 0.9 |
| Stigma experiences score | 242 | 50.2/50.0 (8.6 [24.0–78.0]) |
| Sickle Cell Disease Severity Measure | 267 | 0.5/0.5 (0.2 [0.05–1.0]) |
| ASCQ-Me pain frequency | 266 | 6.8/8.0 (3.0 [0–11]) |
| Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale | 264 | 32.1/32.0 (5.4 [17–40]) |
| ASCQ-Me quality of care health care satisfaction ranking | 267 | 8.1/8.0 (2.3 [1–11]) |
| Depression prevalence | ||
| Yes | 53 | 21.0 |
| Do you have a physician/nurse you usually consult if you need a checkup, want advice about a health problem, or get sick or hurt? | ||
| Yes | 258 | 96.6 |
| No | 9 | 3.4 |
| ED utilizers | ||
| Low | 210 | 78.9 |
| High (>3 visits/y) | 56 | 21.1 |
| Delay of ED care | ||
| Yes | 179 | 67.0 |
| No | 88 | 33.0 |
| Delay of ED care because of bad experiences | ||
| Nothing/a little bit | 44 | 24.6 |
| Some | 28 | 15.6 |
| Quite a bit/very much | 107 | 59.8 |
| Delay of ED care because of insurance issues | ||
| Nothing | 110 | 61.8 |
| A little bit | 17 | 9.5 |
| Some | 16 | 9.0 |
| Quite a bit/very much | 18 | 19.7 |