Distribution of the probability of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) as assessed by the urinary protein marker per histologic lesion grade in the validation cohort (N = 385). The urinary protein marker score was significantly associated with lesions of antibody-mediated rejection (glomerulitis, peritubular capillaritis, microvascular inflammation score, transplant glomerulopathy, and intimal arteritis). Less significant associations were seen with lesions of T cell–mediated rejection (tubulitis, interstitial inflammation) and nonspecific chronic damage (arteriolar hyalinosis, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy). Significance was assessed with nonparametric 1-way analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons with t test. ah, arteriolar hyalinosis; C4d, C4d deposition in peritubular capillaries; cg, transplant glomerulopathy; ci, interstitial fibrosis; ct, tubular atrophy; cv, intimal fibrosis; g, glomerulitis; ptc, peritubular capillaritis; i, nterstitial inflammation; mvi, microvascular inflammation; ns, not significant; peritubular capillaritis; t, tubulitis; v, intimal arteritis. ∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01; ∗∗∗P < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001.