Table 1.
Means and 95% CIs of the variables by site and sex, and pooled, for equally scaled samples of 612 per site.
| All sites (n = 2448) |
Brazil (n = 612) |
Guatemala (n = 612) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male and female | Male (n = 301, 49∙2%) | Female (n = 311, 50∙8%) | Male (n = 312, 51∙0%) | Female (n = 300, 49∙0%) | ||
| Height for age 24 m (z-score) | 1835 (-1∙75) (-1∙83 to -1∙67) | 299 (-0∙29) (-0∙45 to -0∙13) | 311 (-0∙19) (-0∙31 to -0∙06) | 192 (-3∙39) (-3∙56 to -3∙22) | 153 (-3∙41) (-3∙6 to -3∙23) | |
| Birth weight (z-score) | 1990 (-0∙5) (-0∙55 to -0∙46) | 298 (-0∙16) (-0∙29 to -0∙02) | 306 (-0∙31) (-0∙45 to -0∙17) | 96 (-0∙86) (-1∙09 to -0∙64) | 75 (-0∙63) (-0∙85 to -0∙41) | |
| Birth order | 2447 (2∙51) (2∙47 to 2∙56) | 301 (2∙33) (2∙2 to 2∙46) | 311 (2∙19) (2∙07 to 2∙31) | 311 (3∙01) (2∙88 to 3∙15) | 300 (2∙92) (2∙78 to 3∙06) | |
| Child dependency ratio | 2334 (1∙52) (1∙48 to 1∙57) | 296 (1∙36) (1∙23 to 1∙49) | 310 (1∙15) (1∙06 to 1∙24) | 270 (2∙57) (2∙39 to 2∙76) | 245 (2∙59) (2∙4 to 2∙78) | |
| Crowding (people per room) | 2322 (2∙98) (2∙9 to 3∙07) | 296 (1∙28) (1∙17 to 1∙4) | 310 (1∙21) (1∙1 to 1∙32) | 290 (4∙17) (3∙91 to 4∙43) | 269 (4∙17) (3∙88 to 4∙45) | |
| Maternal age (at birth of child years) | 2431 (26∙54) (26∙29 to 26∙8) | 301 (27∙12) (26∙37 to 27∙87) | 311 (26∙73) (26∙04 to 27∙42) | 302 (27∙45) (26∙67 to 28∙23) | 293 (26∙72) (25∙94 to 27∙51) | |
| Maternal height (cm) | 2136 (154∙32) (154–154∙64) | 301 (159∙9) (159∙12 to 160∙69) | 310 (159∙55) (158∙79 to 160∙32) | 231 (148∙47) (147∙83 to 149∙12) | 229 (148∙3) (147∙58 to 149∙02) | |
| Maternal schooling (years) | 2355 (6∙38) (6∙21 to 6∙55) | 300 (7) (6∙57 to 7∙43) | 310 (6∙94) (6∙55 to 7∙34) | 287 (1∙55) (1∙33 to 1∙77) | 277 (1∙54) (1∙34 to 1∙74) | |
| Paternal schooling (years) | 2124 (6∙52) (6∙34 to 6∙7) | 290 (6∙75) (6∙33 to 7∙18) | 294 (6∙86) (6∙45 to 7∙26) | 274 (2∙16) (1∙88 to 2∙43) | 261 (2) (1∙74 to 2∙26) | |
| Wealth (quintiles) | 2349 (3) (2∙94 to 3∙05) | 297 (2∙97) (2∙81 to 3∙13) | 306 (3∙01) (2∙85 to 3∙16) | 291 (3∙03) (2∙87 to 3∙2) | 272 (3∙08) (2∙9 to 3∙27) | |
| Cognitive Quotient (z-score) |
2448 (100∙15) (99∙55 to 100∙75) |
301 (98∙8) (97∙12 to 100∙49) |
311 (101∙16) (99∙48 to 102∙84) |
312 (102∙48) (100∙77 to 104∙19) |
300 (100∙44) (98∙57 to 102∙3) |
|
| Philippines (n = 612) | South Africa (n = 612) | |||||
|
Male (n = 323, 52∙8%) |
Female (n = 289, 47∙2%) |
Male (n = 297, 48∙5%) |
Female (n = 315, 51∙5%) |
|||
| Height for age 24 m (z-score) | 307 (-2∙57) (-2∙7 to -2∙45) | 273 (-2∙5) (-2∙63 to -2∙37) | 150 (-1∙48) (-1∙67 to -1∙29) | 151 (-1∙31) (-1∙49 to -1∙14) | ||
| Birth weight (z-score) | 318 (-0∙71) (-0∙82 to -0∙61) | 285 (-0∙61) (-0∙72 to -0∙49) | 297 (-0∙46) (-0∙58 to -0∙34) | 315 (-0∙63) (-0∙76 to -0∙5) | ||
| Birth order | 323 (2∙71) (2∙59 to 2∙84) | 289 (2∙66) (2∙53 to 2∙8) | 297 (2∙17) (2∙05 to 2∙3) | 315 (2∙11) (1∙99 to 2∙23) | ||
| Child dependency ratio | 322 (1∙52) (1∙42 to 1∙62) | 289 (1∙5) (1∙38 to 1∙61) | 290 (0∙95) (0∙87 to 1∙03) | 312 (0∙86) (0∙8 to 0∙92) | ||
| Crowding (people per room) | 323 (3∙04) (2∙86 to 3∙23) | 289 (3∙08) (2∙88 to 3∙29) | 265 (3∙59) (3∙39 to 3∙79) | 280 (3∙64) (3∙43 to 3∙86) | ||
| Maternal age (at birth of child years) | 323 (26∙34) (25∙68 to 27∙01) | 289 (26∙19) (25∙5 to 26∙89) | 297 (25∙92) (25∙19 to 26∙65) | 315 (25∙88) (25∙18 to 26∙58) | ||
| Maternal height (cm) | 323 (150∙72) (150∙17 to 151∙26) | 289 (150∙48) (149∙9 to 151∙06) | 216 (158∙16) (157∙34 to 158∙97) | 238 (158∙02) (157∙24 to 158∙8) | ||
| Maternal schooling (years) | 323 (7∙11) (6∙74 to 7∙48) | 289 (7∙01) (6∙64 to 7∙39) | 277 (9∙76) (9∙45 to 10∙07) | 292 (9∙86) (9∙56 to 10∙16) | ||
| Paternal schooling (years) | 306 (7∙31) (6∙9 to 7∙71) | 273 (7∙11) (6∙72 to 7∙51) | 210 (10∙84) (10∙52 to 11∙15) | 216 (10∙7) (10∙34 to 11∙05) | ||
| Wealth (quintiles) | 323 (2∙96) (2∙81 to 3∙11) | 289 (2∙95) (2∙79 to 3∙11) | 275 (3∙03) (2∙88 to 3∙17) | 296 (2∙95) (2∙81 to 3∙09) | ||
| Cognitive Quotient (z-score) | 323 (99∙34) (97∙66 to 101∙01) | 289 (100∙74) (99∙04 to 102∙44) | 297 (99∙96) (98∙23 to 101∙7) | 315 (98∙33) (96∙88 to 99∙78) | ||
Data are n (Mean) (95% CIs) for each site, differentiated by sex of index child. Sites are scaled down to match the smallest site Guatemala: n = 612 analysis cases that included Cognitive Quotient.